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NAPLEX 25 > Chapter 79: Dietary Supplements, Natural & Complementary > Flashcards

Chapter 79: Dietary Supplements, Natural & Complementary Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

DSHEA requires the manufacturer to ensure that their products are ___ before they are marketed.

A

safe

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2
Q

Drugs must be proven to be ___ & ___ before they can be sold

A

safe & effective

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3
Q

Adverse events from supplements can be reported to

A

The FDA’s Safety Reporting Portal

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4
Q

Supplements cannot claim

A

to treat or cure a condition

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5
Q

What are the 4 areas of concern with supplements

A

Drug interactions, increased bleeding risk, or cause hepatotoxicity or cardiotoxicity

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6
Q

St. John’s Wort should be avoided with which classes of drugs

A

MAOi, SSRIs and SNRIs (it is serotonergic)

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7
Q

St. John’s Wort causes _____ & requires counseling on ___ and avoidance

A

Photosensitivity
Sun protection

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8
Q

Which supplements can increase bleeding risk

A
  • Remember the 5 G’s: ginger, gingko, garlic, ginseng & glucosamine
  • Fish oils (at higher doses)
  • Vitamin E
  • Dong quai
  • Willow Bark (a salicylate)
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9
Q

Which supplements can be hepatotoxic

A
  • Black cohosh (used for menopausal symptoms)
  • Kava (used for stress/anxiety)
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10
Q

Which supplements can be cardiotoxic?

A
  • Ephedra (removed from market)
  • Yohimbe (used to increase libido & for ED)
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11
Q

Which supplement replaced ephedra in many products?

A

Bitter orange (synephrine) replaced ephedra in many products (these drugs are stimulants)

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12
Q

What health risks are associated with excessive caffeine intake?

A

Increase BP and HR

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13
Q

Which supplements can be used for anxiety?

A
  • Valerian
  • Passionflower
  • Kava
  • St. John’s Wort
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14
Q

Which supplement can be used for Cold sores?

A

L-lysine

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15
Q

Which supplements can be used for colds and flu?

A
  • Echinacea
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin C
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16
Q

Which supplements can be used for dementia/memory?

A
  • Ginkgo
  • Vitamin E
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17
Q

Which supplements can be used for depression?

A
  • St. John’s Wort
  • SAMe
  • Valerian
  • 5-HTP
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18
Q

Which supplements can be used for diabetes?

A
  • Alpha lipoic acid
  • Chromium
  • Cassia cinnamon
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19
Q

Which supplements can be used for dyslipidemia?

A
  • Red yeast rice (contains a natural form of lovastatin)
  • Omega-3 FA
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20
Q

Which supplements can be used for dyspepsia?

A
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
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21
Q

Which supplements can be used for energy/weight loss?

A
  • Bitter orange
  • Caffeine
  • Guarana, green tea powder
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22
Q

Which supplements can be used for erectile dysfunction

A
  • Ginseng
  • L-arginine
  • Yohimbe
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23
Q

Which supplements can be used for HF/heart health?

A
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • Hawthorn
  • Omega-3 FA
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24
Q

Which supplements can be used for HTN?

A
  • Omega-3 FA
  • L-arginine
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • Garlic
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25
Which supplements can be used for GI health?
* Fibers * chamomile * Probiotics * Ginger
26
Which supplements can be used for inflammation?
* Omega-3 FA * Flax seeds/oil * Turmeric
27
Which supplements can be used for insomnia/sleep?
* Melatonin for sleep (QHS/jetlag (0.5-2 mg taken pre-flight & higher doses like 5 mg taken post-flight) * Valerian * Chamomile
28
Which supplement can be used for liver disease?
Milk thistle
29
Which supplements can be used for menopause?
* Black cohosh * Dong quai * Evening primrose oil * Soy, red clover
30
Which supplements can be used for migraine, ppx?
* Feverfew * Butterbur * Magnesium * Riboflavin (B2)
31
Which supplements can be used for motion sickness?
* Ginger * Peppermint
32
Which supplements can be used for osteoarthritis?
* Glucosamine * Chondroitin * SAMe * Turmeric
33
Which supplements can be used for osteoporosis?
* Calcium * Vitamin D * Soy
34
Which supplements can be used for prostate health?
* Saw palmetto * Lycopene
35
Which supplement can be used for skin conditions like acne, dandruff, and fungal infections?
Tea tree oil
36
Which supplement can be used for UTI?
Cranberry
37
5-HTP safety issue
serotonergic
38
Beta-carotene safety issue
inreased cardiovascular mortality
39
Bitter orange safety issue
Stimulant (synephrine component)
40
Black cohosh safety issue
May be hepatotoxic
41
Caffeine safety issue
Increases BP and HR
42
"5G s" safety issue
increased bleeding risk (D/c prior to sx)
43
Dong quai safety issue
Bleeding risk
44
Hawthorn safety issue
Positive inotrope; avoid concurrent use with digoxin (additive effect)
45
Kava safety issue
Avoid d/t hepatotoxicity
46
Omega-3 FA safety issue
Increases bleeding risk with high doses
47
Probiotics safety issue
Safety concern with use of live bacteria in immune-compromised states
48
Red yeast rice safety issue
avoid use with statins d/t increased myopathy risk
49
SAMe safety issue
serotonergic
50
Valerian safety issue
Sedation
51
Vitamin E alternative name
alpha-tocopherol
52
Vitamin E safety issue
bleeding risk, CVD risk
53
Which vitamin deficiency impaires calcium absorption?
Vitamin D
54
Exclusively breast fed infants need how many IU of vitamin D daily
400 IU
55
All women of childbearing age should obtain ___ mcg/daily of folic acid
400
56
Folic acid 600 mcg DFE = ___ mcg of folic acid daily
360 ## Footnote the RDA for women in child-bearing years
57
During pregnancy, folate requirements increase to ___ mcg/day
600
58
How long before pregnancy should folate be started
at least 1 month before
59
Prescription prenatal vitamins usually contain ____ mcg of folate
1000 mcg or 1 g
60
Thiamine deficiency can cause
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
61
Symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy
mental confusion, ataxia, tremor and vision changes
62
As the symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy fade, which syndrome tends to develop
Korsakoff syndrome
63
Which vitamin are most alcoholics deficient in
B1 (thiamine)
64
Anticonvulsants can contribute to which vitamin deficiency
Calcium
65
How much iron do breastfed babies need from 4-6 months old?
1 mg/kg/day
66
When should Poly-Vi-Sol Vitamin drops be used?
If both vitamin D and iron are needed
67
Which vitamin(s) does Amphotericin B deplete?
Mg, K
68
Which vitamin(s) does Isoniazid deplete?
B6
69
Which vitamin(s) do loop diuretics deplete?
K
70
Which vitamin(s) does Metformin deplete?
B12
71
Which vitamin(s) does MTX deplete?
Folate
72
Which vitamin(s) does Orlistat deplete?
Beta-carotene, fat-soluble vitamins
73
Which vitamin(s) do PPIs deplete?
Mg
74
What is the recommended supplement for alcoholism?
Vitamin B1
75
What is the recommended supplement for microcytic anemia?
Ferrous sulfate
76
What is the recommended supplement for macrocytic anemia?
B12 and/or folate
77
What are the recommended supplements in pregnancy?
Folate, Ca, Vitamin D, pyridoxine
78
What are the recommended supplements for osteopenia/osteoporosis?
Ca, Vit D
79
What is the recommended supplement for CKD?
Vitamin D
80
What is the recommended supplement for goiter?
iodine

NAPLEX 25 (23 decks)

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