Chapter 8. Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
an/o
A
anus
3
Q
append/o, appendic/o
A
appendix
4
Q
bil/i
A
bile; gall
5
Q
cec/o
A
cecum
6
Q
chol/e
A
gall; bile
7
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
8
Q
cirrh/o
A
orange-yellow
9
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon; large intestine
10
Q
cyst/o
A
cyst; fluid sac; bladder
11
Q
dent/i
A
tooth
12
Q
duoden/o
A
deudenum
13
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
14
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
15
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
16
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
17
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
18
Q
gluc/o, glyc/o
A
sugar; glucose
19
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
20
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
21
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
22
Q
inguin/o
A
groin
23
Q
jaund/o
A
yellow
24
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
25
labi/o
lip
26
lapar/o
abdominal wall; abdomen
27
ling/o
tongue
28
lith/o
stone; calculus
29
odont/o
tooth
30
or/o
mouth
31
pancreat/o
pancreas
32
peritone/o
peritoneum, membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs
33
phag/o
eat; swallow; engulf
34
pharyng/o
pharynx; throat
35
proct/o
rectum; anus
36
rect/o
rectum
37
sigmoid/p
sigmoid colon; sigmoid
38
splen/o
spleen
39
a-, an-
not; without
40
de-
lack of; down; less; removal of
41
dia-
through; complete
42
dys-
painful; difficult
43
endo-
in; within
44
epi-
on; over; upon
45
peri-
around; surrounding
46
post-
after; behind
47
pre-
before; in front of
48
sub-
below; under
49
ultra-
beyond; excess
50
-ac, -al, -eal, -ic
pertaining to
51
-ase
enzyme
52
-ation
process; condition
53
-chezia
defecation
54
-clysis
irrigation; washing
55
-ectomy
surgical extraction
56
-emesis
vomiting
57
-gen
substance that produces
58
-ia
condition
59
-iasis
abnormal condition
60
-ist
specialist
61
-itis
inflammation
62
-megaly
enlargement
63
-orexia
appetite
64
-osis
abnormal condition
65
-pepsia
digestion
66
-phagia
eating; swallowing
67
-prandial
meal
68
-rrhea
flow; excessive discharge
69
-scope
instrument used to view
70
-stalsis
contraction
71
-stomy
surgical opening
72
-tripsy
crushing
73
-um, -us
structure; tissue; thing
74
Another name for Digestive System
Gastrointestinal
75
Where does it begin?
in the mouth
76
Where does it end
in the anus
77
What are the 4 functions?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination
78
Ingestion
Intake of substances, begins mechanical digestion called mastication (chewing)
79
Digestion
Main breakdown of food. 2 types of digestion, physical and chemical. In chemical digestion, the process is aided by bile from the liver.
80
Absorption
Starting in the duodenum, then jejunum and finally the ileum. Absorption takes the nutrients from digested food into the blood stream.
81
Elimination
Defecation of waste, usually in solid form.
82
Alimentary Canal
Oral cavity (mouth), the pharynx (throat), the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine (often referred to as intestines), the colon (large intestine), the rectum, and the anus
83
Accessory Organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
84
Oral Cavity
Labia, Buccae, Hard Palate, soft palate, uvula
85
Labia
Lips
86
Buccae
CHeeks
87
Hard Palate
roof of mouth
88
soft palate
back of the mouth
89
Uvula
covers the nasopharynx
90
Tongue
Aids in mastication, contain papillae/taste receptors.
91
Teeth
Crown, root
92
Crown
divided into the maxillary and mandibular arches of the mouth. Supported by gingiva/gums
93
Root
enamel (hard covering), dentin (bone-like material), pulp cavity (which contains connective tissue). The pulp cavity extends into the root, and becomes the root canal.
94
Salivary Glands
Sublingual is beneath the tongue, submandibular is on floor of mouth, parotid in in the cheeks
95
Pharynx
Throat
96
Nasopharynx
nose and throat, airway
97
Oropharynx
Between soft palate and epiglottis
98
Laryngopharynx
beneath throat, pathway for substances.
99
Deglutition
swallowing
100
Peristalsis
muscular propulsion
101
Esophagus
mucous lined membrane tube
102
Cardiac Sphincter
End of esophagus. controls substances going into stomach
103
Stomach
sac like organ
104
Fundus
upper portion of stomach
105
body (stomach)
main section
106
antrum
lower section
107
Rugae
Mucos Lining to protect the stomach form acid.
108
Chyme
Acid mixed food
109
Pyloric Sphincter
connects to duodenum
110
Small Intestine (Enter/o)
absorption of nutrients, 17-20 feet long
111
Duodenum
1st section, receives food from stomach, bile from the liver and gallbladder, and pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
112
Jejunum
2nd section, 8 feet, absorbs nutrients into bloodstream
113
ileum
3rd, 12 ft, absorbs vitamin b
114
ileocecal Sphincter
prevents backflow from colon,
115
Colon
large intestine
116
Cecum
connects to ileum, contains appendix
117
Ascending Colon
travels up
118
transverse colon
longest part, between ascending and descending. Is horizontal
119
Descending colon
travels down
120
Sigmoid colon
connected to descending colon and leads to rectum. Named after greek S
121
Rectum
last section of colon, collects feces
122
Anus / Anal Sphincter
opening that releases stool
123
Liver
RUQ, stores nutrients and filtrates the bloodstream. Converts carbohydrates into sugar and produces bile.
124
Bile
breaks down fatty foods, travels through cystic ducts into gall bladder
125
Gallbladder
Stores bile
126
Pancreas
Produces many enzymes which are used in the duodenum to sanitize chyme. Produces Amylase, Lipase, Protease, and Insulin
127
Amylase
breaks down carbohydrates
128
Lipase
breaks down fats
129
Protease
breaks down proteins
130
Insulin
helps absorb sugar
131
Anal Fistula
Tube-like passage between anus and skin. Caused by infection and develops into a swollen pus-filled area.
132
Anorexia Nervosa
Sees themself as fat, in reality they are skinny so they try to eat less.
133
Appendicitis
infected appendix
134
Bulimia
Force vomiting or excessive use of laxatives.
135
Celiac Disease
reaction to eating gluten or anything wheat based.
136
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder
137
Cholelithiasis
gallbladder containing stones
138
Cirrhosis
scarring of liver due to harmful substances or hepatitis.
139
colon cancer
tumor in colon, rectum or both
140
Crohn's disease
chronic disease causing inflamed digestive tract
141
dental caries
tooth decay
142
enteritis
inflamed intestines, symptoms are diarrhea
143
esophageal varices
swollen veins in the distal or upper part of esophagus
144
gastroenteritis (stomach bug)
inflamed stomach and intestines, symptoms are nausea vomiting and diarrhea.
145
Gastroesophageal reflux
stomach acids flow into esophagus
146
hepatitis
inflamed liver
147
hepatitis A
spread through food contaminated by feces of infected
148
hepatitis B
chronic form of hepatitis transmitted through bodily fluids or birth
149
hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis transmitted by bodily fluids, usually through needles
150
hernia
protrusion of organ or structure through the muscle containing it.
151
Hiatal Hernia
hernia where uppe rpart of the stomach protrudes the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
152
Inguinal Hernia
hernia which a portion of the intestines protrudes through a weakened part of the lower abdomen or groin.
153
Intestinal obstruction
complete stoppage fo digested food in the intestines
154
Ileus
stoppage of internal peristalsis, symptoms of pain, vomiting, fever, and no stool
155
Intestinal Adhesion
Fibrous bands of tissue abnormally binding the intestines together, may result from trauma or inflammation
156
intussusception
folding of intestine, seen in young children
157
strangulating obstruction
blood flow to intestines is block, may lead to necrosis, gangrene and perforation
158
volvulus
abnormal twisting of intestine
159
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Affects colon and small intestine. Symptoms include diarrhea, bloating, cramping and constipation associated with stress and tension.
160
Pancreatitis
Inflamed pancreas
161
Peptic Ulcer
gastric or duodenal open sore caused by helicobacter pylori
162
Periodontal Disease
Inflamed and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone
163
Peritonitis
Inflamed abdominal cavity caused by bacterial infection, occurs after rupture or trauma in the abdominal region
164
Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation of colon ulcers
165
Anorexia
lack of appetite
166
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen
167
Borboygmus
Movement of gas or fluid, produces grumbling stomach
168
Constipation
hard to poop
169
dehydration
lack of water
170
diarrhea
excessive discharge of poop
171
Dyspepsia
painful digestion
172
dysphagia
difficult swallowing
173
Emesis
vomiting
174
Eructation
release of gas, burp
175
flatus
fart
176
halitosis
bad breath
177
hematemesis
vomiting blood
178
Hematochezia
fresh blood poop
179
Jaundice
yellow discoloration
180
nausea
sensation to vomit, dizzyness
181
Regurgitation
swallowed food comes up from stomach
182
Ulcer
open sore
183
abdominal ultrasound
using sound waves to creat an image
184
barium enema, lower gastrointestinal series (LGI)
X-ray of large intestine
185
Biopsy
removal of small piece of living tissue to examine
186
excisional biopsy
removal of tumor
187
incisional biopsy
cut into tissue
188
needle biopsy
using needle to remove a sample
189
CT (computerized tomography), aka CAT
radiographic images are taken from multiple angles, more detail than x-rays
190
endoscopy
examination of body organs through scope
191
Capsule endoscopy
visual examination using tiny camera
192
colonoscopy
examination of colon
193
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
194
gastroscopy
examination of stomach
195
Laparoscopy
examination of internal organ using laparoscope
196
Proctoscopy
examination of rectum
197
Sigmoidoscopy
examination of sigmoid colon
198
Fluoroscopy
x-ray using fluoroscope
199
Lab test
examination of substance from patient
200
amylase
blood test to detect elevated levels of an enzyme common in pancreatic disorders
201
Complete blood count
routine test involved counting red, white, and platelets in blood. Determines internal bleeding or infection.
202
Liver Profile
blood test measuring enzymes in liver and waste products
203
Occult blood test
detects blood in feces
204
Serology test
diagnoses infection by seeking reaction to an antibody.
205
Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)
x-rays taken of stomach and duodenum after swallowing something
206
Acid blocker
group of drugs blocking acid production in stomach
207
Antibiotic
drug fighting infections
208
antiemetic
drug preventing vomiting
209
Antiviral
treats viral infections
210
Bariatric surgery
surgical treatments for morbid obesity
211
Diet Therapy
treatment through foods
212
Laxatives
faster poop
213
Plasty
repair of tissue
214
Ectomy
removal of tissue
215
stomy
creating an opening
216
A.C
Before Meals
217
CC
chief complaint
218
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
219
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
220
LGI
lower gastrointestinal
221
NG
nasogastric
222
p.c
after meals
223
PO
by mouth
224
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
225
Gastroenterologist
specializes in digestive system. 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school and 3 year residency of internal medicine followed by 3 years of gastroenterology.
226
Registered Dietitian
supervises food, bachelors degree and dietetic internship.
227
Dentist
specializes in diagnosis of mouth and gums. Bachelors degree, graduation from dental school and completion of exams
228
Dental hygienist
works under supervision of dentist. Accredited dental hygiene program and certification of an associate's degree or above.
