Chapter 8 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Nutrition
A
Using food to maintain health
2
Q
What is a healthy diet like
A
Plenty fluids
Nutrients
Well-balanced
3
Q
Why is diet important for elderly people
A
Helps prevent pressure sores, keep muscle and skin healthy. Helps wounds heal
4
Q
Nutrient
A
Gives energy, health, keeps healthy metabolism
5
Q
Metabolism
A
Breaking down nutrients to use
6
Q
6 essential nutrients
A
Water
Carbs
Protein
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
7
Q
Water
A
Regenerates cells
Helps keep body temp
8
Q
Other sources of water
A
Soup, celery, lettuce, apples
9
Q
Carbs
A
Energy, fiber and protein
Help use body fat
Simple and complex
10
Q
Protein
A
Part of every cell
Growth and repair tissues
11
Q
Fats
A
Store energy
Flavor and help absorb vitamins
Excess fat is stored as fat
12
Q
4 categories of fats
A
Saturated
Trans
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
13
Q
____and _____ fats increase cholesterol
A
Saturated and trans
14
Q
Vitamins
A
Needed for body function,
Body can’t make them
15
Q
Fat soluble vitamins
A
ADEK
16
Q
Water soluble vitamins
A
BC
Can’t be stored.
Eliminated in urine and feces
17
Q
Minerals
A
Maintain body functions
Build bones, hormones, help blood formation
18
Q
Important minerals for wound care
A
Zn, Fe, Ca,Mg
19
Q
How often should you have red meats
A
Once a week
20
Q
Veggies and fruit should make up ____ of a plate
A
1/2
21
Q
Dark green vegetables
A
Help blood clot
22
Q
Veggies are good sources of vitamins ,&_ as well as____&____
A
A,E&C
Potassium and fiber
23
Q
Fruits are important sources of ____, ___ ___ , ____ & _____
A
Fiber, potassium, folic acid & vitamin c
24
Q
Folic acid
A
Helps body make red blood cells
25
Fiber helps you by
Making you feel full with fewer calories
26
Vitamin c function
Growth and repair of body tissues
27
Grains
Rice, oats, cornmeal, barley
28
How much should be whole grains and how much should be refined grains
At least half should be whole grain
29
Whole grains have ___& ___ & endosperm.
Refined grains only have ___
Bran and germ
Endosperm
30
How often should you have seafood?
2 times a week
31
A person should eat ____-____ protein foods more often
Plant based
32
Milk provides
Calcium,
Potassium,
Vitamin D,
Protein
33
Unique diets: therapeutic, modified, special
Might have allergies or need certain things
34
NaS
No added salt
Low Na
35
Who is on low sodium diet
High BP,
Heart disease,
Kidney disease
36
RF
Restrict fluids
37
Foods that count as fluids
Ice cream, gelatin, pudding
38
Who is on fluid restricted diet?
Heart disease or kidney disease. Fluids don't come out and they swell. Their I/O is monitored
39
Who is on low protein diet
Kidney disease (renal)
40
Who is on low fat diet
High cholesterol
Improve HDL (good)
Heart attack
Gall bladder disease
41
Cardiac diet
Low sodium
Fat
Cholesterol
Sugar
42
Modified calorie
Low cal or high cal
43
Diabetic diet
Calories and carbs are very important, everything must be eaten
44
Lacto-vegetarian
NO:
Poultry, meat, fish and eggs
ALLOWED:
Dairy
45
Vegan
No animal anything
46
Pescatarian
Fish
Sometimes seafood and eggs
47
Liquid diet
Short time after test or surgery. Keep intestines free of food
Can be clear or full
48
Clear liquid diet
Clear juices, broth, gelatin and popsicles
49
Full liquid diet
Clear + ice cream, cream soups, milk
50
Soft diet
Soft or chopped foods easier to chew and swallow. Might restrict high fiber, fried or spicy food.
Trouble chewing or swallowing.
Moving from liquid diet back to regular
51
Mechanical soft diet
Soft foods but in food processor or blender, does not limit spices, fat and fiber. Trouble chewing and swallowing
52
Pureed diet
Baby food consistency
Thick enough to hold form in mouth. No chewing required
53
When resident is on restricted fluids the NA should not:
Give extra fluids or an extra water pitcher unless nurse approves it
54
NPO
Nothing by mouth
55
Pleasure feed
Has feeding tube but can have things by mouth. Usually family decided resident needs a feeding tube
56
Dehydration
Not enough fluids in body
57
Things to report about fluids
1. Less than 6, 8 oz glasses daily
2. Drinks very little fluids
3. Needs help drinking from glass
4.Vomits, has diarrhea or fever
5. Easily confused or tired
6. Dry mouth
7. Sunken eyes
8. Dark urine
9. Less frequent urination
10. Weight-loss, fatigue, dizziness pain.
11. Thirst
58
Fluid overload
Body can't handle all fluids consumed. Kidney disease or heart disease
59
Signs of fluid overload
1. Edema
2. Weight gain
3. Decreased urine output
4. Shortness of breath
5. Increased heart rate
6. Anxiety
7. Tight, smooth or shiny skin
60
Edema
Swelling caused by excess fluid
61
Signs that point to unintended weight-loss
Needs help eating or drinking
Eats less than 75% of meals
Resident has mouth pain
Dentures don't fit
Resident can't swallow or chew
Resident coughs or chokes
Resident is sad, has crying spells and withdraws
Resident is confused, wanders or paces
62
How long afterwards do residents have to sit up
30 mins
63
How often do you reposition wheelchair resident
Every hour
64
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
65
3 thickened consistencies
Nectar
Honey
Pudding
66
Nectar
Drank from cup. Thick juice
67
Honey
Consistency of honey, eaten with spoon
68
Pudding
Semi solid. Spoon will stand straight up in it.
Use spoon
69
Aspiration
Foreign materials into lungs. Can cause pneumonia
70
Preventing aspiration
90º angle
Small pieces food
Take your time
Food in unaffected side
Make sure mouth is empty before offering more
Keep upright for at least 30 mins after eating
71
Parenteral nutrition
Nutrients go directly into bloodstream instead of digestive system.
Treat like IV
72
Nano gastric tube
Put in nose because can't swallow. Make sure tape doesn't come off
73
PEG tube stands for
Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy.
74
What does a PEG tube do?
Surgically created opening into stomach. Can't swallow, but can digest.
75
Gastrostomy
Tube that goes inside stomach
76
A resident with a feeding tube should always have the head of the bed elevated at ___º
30
77
At what position should a resident on a feeding tube be during feedings?
45º
78
What is proper sitting position during feedings?
Hips at 90º angle
Flexed knees
Feet and arms are fully supported
Chair under table
Forearms on table
79
Residents who lean to one side during feedings should
Place their forearms on the table
80
What should you do if a resident has poor neck control
Use a neck brace
81
Ask residents who pocket food in their cheeks to
Chew & Swallow, gently tap their cheeks if needed
82
How do you trigger swallowing
Gently press down on tongue or on the top of their head
83
If a resident has poor sitting balance, seat him in a _____ with ____ instead of a WHEELCHAIR
REGULAR DINING ROOM CHAIR WITH ARMRESTS
84
Why did the international dysphagia diet standardization initiative develop a framework to identify food textures and drink thicknesses
Standardized so they can be used internationally in care
85
___ minutes is too long to leave resident with pneumonia eating by himself
15
86
Has a positive effect on eating and helps prevent loneliness and boredom
Socializing
87
Use of eyeglasses, hearing aids and these should be encouraged
Dentures
88
Devices that can help residents with eating
Assistive
89
Proper noise level when residents are eating
Low
90
If resident has loss of ____ ask about it
Appetite
91
Document meal/snack
Intake
92
Honor residents food likes and dislikes
True
93
Give ___ care before and after meals if requested
Oral
94
What rights do residents have with regard to food choices
-refuse
-choose
-alternatives
- season
-get more
-refuse clothing protector
