Chapter 8

Question 1

battle of lexington and concord

Answer 1

beginning of 14 months of ambiguity

Question 2

2nd continental congress

Answer 2

13/13 met in philly
command of army to GW
no well-defined spirit for revolution

Question 3

fort ticondergoa

Answer 3

ny
ethan allen and benedict arnold needed to replace weapons
stole weapons and ammunition from British

Question 4

loyalists beliefs

Answer 4

law and order = good and committees = bad
opposed brit taxes but thought obedience was priority
though Eng would win
disliked rules of Patriot authority
felt oppressed by Patriots

Question 5

loyalists in society

Answer 5

20% of pop
collected by Anglican Church (south)
were farmers artisans, wealthy elite, and cultural minorities

Question 5

battle of bunker hill

Answer 5

fought on Breed’s Hill
June 1775
Strategy: frontal assault
weaknesses: heavy packs and red uniforms
2 charges failed by British
3rd charge sucessful
brits suffered 2x casualties
phsycological victory for Patriots

Question 6

olive branch petition

Answer 6

July 1775
congress begs King to repair relations
rejected and called for treason
king hires hessians (some deserted)
“family fight”

Question 6

canadian invasion

Answer 6

October 1775
cols hoped to bring french into fight
contradiction: offensive attack
montgomery conquered montreal, moved to help arnold at quebec, died
arnold wounded
sad retreat

Question 6

common sense

Answer 6

thomas paine
january 1176
all men vote
men create the gov
monarchies are corrupt
colonies can survive economically
independece is necessary for foriegn aid
republican ideas of gov
TURNING POINT OF PHYSCOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

Question 7

march 1776

Answer 7

Pats shelled boston w/ cannons
loyalists imprisoned and hanged
80,000 fled but more stay
loyalist estates confiscated and sold

Question 8

declaration of independence

Answer 8

richard henry lees’ resolution
july 1776
thomas Jefferson and committee
paine’s ideas
all men created =
natural rights
inspired other decs (france, women’s rights, ect)

Question 9

other names of D of I

Answer 9

explanation of independence
the world’s greatest editorial
we mutually pledge…
shout heard round the world

Question 10

congress drafts GW

Answer 10

unusual choice: not very expierence
great leader: patient, courageous ect
his symbol was a rallying point
very patriotic
was chosen bc he was a virg bc n eng was not trustworthy
wealthy: no accusations for fortune seaker

Question 11

reasons against declaring independence

Answer 11

loyalty to empire
rebellion was dangerous
colonial unity was poor

Question 12

republicanism

Answer 12

officials should have authoruty from popular consent
new england town meetings
citizen virtue
some people were wary of new gov

Question 13

patriots vs loyalists

Answer 13

many people were neutral
brits and pats fought to gain the neutrals (cols were better)

Question 14

patriots

Answer 14

most in n eng where presbyternism and congregationalism were the strongest

Question 15

battle of Long Island

Answer 15

brits centered in ny w/ 500 ships and 35000 men
GW had 18000
GW escaped after disaster in Manhattan and fled down the Delaware

Question 16

Battle of Trenton

Answer 16

GW crossed the Delaware
dec 36, 1776: captured 1000 hessians and defeated small british batallian
1st win for cols

Question 17

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 17

oct 17, 1777
british wanted to destory GW’s army
GW lost philly and howe settled in
1st battle cols won w/out using guerilla tactics (surrounded Gen B and forced him to surrender)
turning point in war
win revived colonial cause and allowed for french aid

Question 18

leading up to the battle of saratoga

Answer 18

eng officials adpoted plan to capture Hudson river valley
burgoyne would push down from canada and howe would meet him near albany
arnold held up burgoyne till winter
gen b had to start again in the nxt yr

Question 19

model treaty

Answer 19

purpose was to guide A commisioners when makig treaty with french

Question 20

french treaty

Answer 20

feb 6, 1778
ben franklin played on french fears of anglo-american reconciliation
didn’t conform to model treaty (military alliance as well as commerce)

Question 21

the colonial war becomes a global war

Answer 21

1778: french and eng fought
1779: spain and holland enter fight against eng

Question 22

france changes the war

Answer 22

provided guns, equipment, armed forces, navy
forced eng to change their strat (leave naval blockades)

Question 23

benedict arnold

Answer 23

1780: became a traitor

Question 24

war in the carloinas

Answer 24

chareston fell in 1780
patriots fought loyalists
1781: A rifelemen wiped out brit detachement at King’s mt

Question 25

nai in the war

Answer 25

allied with brits hoping to keep their land
only 2 iroqious tribes staued w/ cols
1784: pro-brit iroqiuos forced to sign treatu of fort stanwix (lost their land)

Question 26

george rogers clark

Answer 26

siezed eng forts in wild illinois country
1778-1779: floated down OR and captured 3 forts

Question 27

the sea frontier

Answer 27

A navy destroyed Eng merchant ships
privateers were used by congress to prey on eng ships
brought in fold and raised morale
brit manufactures pressured Parliament to end the war
-diverted manpower from main war effort

Question 28

yorktown

Answer 28

gen cornwallis fell into trap
f navy baricqded him in and gw surrounded him from the land
surrendered 7000 men on oct 19, 1781

Question 29

after yorktown

Answer 29

gw returned to ny to keep eye to eng troops
fighting continued for another yt
ge kept cause alive and states together

Question 30

treaty of paris of 1783

Answer 30

made w/out french bc they didnt have A’s best interest and brits were best trade partner
eng recognized A’s indepedence and granted them generous boundries
A no longer persecuted loyalists and britsh creditors

Question 31

battle of princeton

Answer 31

howe brothers gave most of new jersey to GW
jan 3, 1777
same style as trenton

Question 32

articles of confederation

Answer 32

tried to create gov structure during the war
ratified in 1781