Chapter 8

Question 1

Sigma bonds are _______ stable than pi bonds

Answer 1

more

Question 2

In addition reactions, the double bonds acts as the _______ attacking the electrophilic species

Answer 2

nucleophile

Question 3

_______ addition involves the pi e- attacking the + charge

Answer 3

electrophilic

Question 4

_______ addition involves the Nuc- attacking the carbocation

Answer 4

nucleophile

Question 5

In a regio_______ reaction: only one region attacked

Answer 5

specific

Question 6

In a regio_______ reaction: major and minor products

Answer 6

selective

Question 7

The addition of Hydrogen halides follows _______ rule: when adding H-X to db C, the H will add to the C with _______ H’s, leaving the X to the C with _______ H’s

Answer 7

markovnikov’s
more
less

Question 8

For addition of hydrogen halides, stabilizing the _______ results in a faster reaction

Answer 8

C+ intermediate

Question 9

Addition of Hydrogen halides results in _______ mixture if the product is chiral.

Answer 9

racemic

Question 10

the addition of hydrogen halides also works for alkynes and may be performed twice by using _______ moles of H-X

Answer 10

2
add H to H rich side

Question 11

_______ rule: when adding H-X to the db C, the H will add to the C with less H. In the presence of a peroxide!!!

Answer 11

anti-markovnikov

Question 12

A db C may react with water in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst (sulfuric and phosphoric acid) to form an alcohol. This reaction is known as _______

Answer 12

hydration

Question 13

The goal of hydration is to add _______ “in place” of a double bond.

Answer 13

OH

Question 14

What are the 3 types of hydration we learn in Ch. 8

Answer 14

1) regular (Markovnikov with Rearrangements)
2) oxymercuration-demercuration (Markovnikov with no rearrangements)
3) Hydroboration (anti-markovnikov with no rearrangements)

Question 15

Oxymercuration-Demercuration leads to _______ of the H2O molecule to the Hg ring

Answer 15

anti-addition

Question 16

When mercuration takes place in an alcohol solvent, the alcohol serves as the _______ to attack the mercurinium ion. This is known as _______ mercuration, which converts alkenes to ether

Answer 16

nucleophile
alkoxy

Question 17

Hydroboration leads to _______ of the H and OH to a molecule

Answer 17

syn-addition

Question 18

Hydroboration is a stereo_____ reaction

Answer 18

specific

Question 19

a halogen molecule (______, ______, _______) is electrophilic; a nucleophile dbC can react with a halogen, displacing a halide ion

Answer 19

Cl2
Br2
I2

Question 20

In addition of halogens (X2), solvents must be _______

Answer 20

inert

Question 21

What are the 3 solvents that are inert for Halogen reactions

Answer 21

1) CH2Cl
2) CHCl3
3) CCl4

Question 22

Addition of halogens (X2) leads to _______ of the halogen ion to the Halonium ion

Answer 22

anti-addition

Question 23

Halogen addition is a stereo_______ reaction

Answer 23

specific

Question 24

in all symmetric addition reactions, trans db + anti-addition results in __ product(s)

Answer 24

1

Question 25

in all symmetric addition reactions, cis db + anti-addition results in __ product(s)

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Bromine test: chemical test for the presence of _______ - brown= - colorless=

Answer 26

unsaturation no alkenes alkenes

Question 27

R-groups are _______, which stabalize the + or ẟ+

Answer 27

EDG's

Question 28

A halohydrin is an _______ with a _______ on the adjacent carbon

Answer 28

OH Halogen

Question 29

The solvent used in halohydrin formation has to be _______

Answer 29

polar protic (H2O or ROH)

Question 30

In halohydrin formation, the nucleophile (_____) attacks the more substituted, more electrophilic carbon atom

Answer 30

H2O

Question 31

halohydrin formation leads to _______ of the H2O molecule to the carbon atom

Answer 31

anti-addition

Question 32

Catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene is formally a _______, with H2 adding across the C=C to give an alkene

Answer 32

reduction

Question 33

What are the required catalysts? (3)

Answer 33

1) Pd 2) Pt 3) Ni

Question 34

Catalytic hydrogenation leads to _______ of the H and H to the double bond

Answer 34

Syn-addition

Question 35

What are the 3 methods of adding methylene to alkenes?

Answer 35

1) diazomethane (CH2N2 with heat or UV) 2) simmons-smith (Cu alloy) 3) alpha elimination of haloform (CHX3 and strong base)