Chapter 8 Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Three basic forms of communication

A
  • Sight
  • Sound
  • Motion
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2
Q

Lens components

A
  • The camera needs several lenses called elements to duplicate the complex working of the eye.
  • A lens is two prisms joined together.
  • If the prisms are joined at their apexes they from a concave lens that converges the light to a single point.
  • If joined at the base, they form a convex lens that converges the light to a single point.
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3
Q

Focal Length

A
  • Distance from the optical center of the primary lens to the point where the light converges on the focal plane.
  • Focal length determines the field of view of the lens.
  • Short focal length has wide field of view is called wide-angle lens.
  • Long focal length has a narrow field of view and is called telephoto lens.
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4
Q

Different Types of Lenses

A
  • Wide Angle: 4.5mm to 25mm (allows more control)
  • Normal: 25mm to 75mm
  • Telephoto: 75mm or longer
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5
Q

Zoom vs Prime Lens

A
  • Advantage of zoom lens over prime lens (fixed lens) is that the focal length can be set at any point with the parameters for that lens.
  • Prime lenses are generally of a higher quality than zoom lenses and are used on DSLRs and high-end cameras.
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6
Q

Focal Plane

A

• The point at which the light rays that pass through a lens converge and are in focus

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7
Q

Depth of Field

A
  • The range of acceptable focus in front of and behind the plane of focus
  • 3 factors affecting depth of field: Focal length, iris opening, distance from camera.
  • As focal length increases, the dept of field decreases
  • As the iris is opened up, the depth of field decreases.
  • As the lens is focused on objects closer and closer to the camera, the depth of field also decreases.
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8
Q

MOD

A

• Minimum Object Distance- The limit of how close a lens can focus.

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9
Q

Aspect Ratio

A

• 4:3 (analog), 16:9 (like our normal human way of seeing things)

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10
Q

Iris

A
  • Overlapping metal leaves or fins that rotate to make the hole smaller or larger. Controls the amount of light passed on to the focal plane.
  • F-stops are used to measure the speed of a lens.
  • Fast transmits a large amount of light.
  • Slow transmits smaller amount of light.
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11
Q

Optical Groups of Zoom Lenses

A
  • Focusing group- gathers light into a sharp, clear image.
  • Variator group- Moves inside the lens to change the image size from wide angle to telephoto.
  • Compensator group- Moves with the variator group to keep the image in focus & reduce aberrations caused by the first 2 groups.
  • Prime lens group- Focuses the image on the recording surface, such as film or a TV camera chip.
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12
Q

Lens Extenders

A

• 2x range extender- doubles the focal length however it is limited in low-light situations.

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13
Q

Light Quality Control

A
  • Ultraviolet filter- protects the lens from scratches, dirt, etc.
  • Hood- Prevents direct light from striking the front element.
  • Lens Flares- Circular patterns or reflections in the lens
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14
Q

Lens Filters

A
  • Color enhancement- change the perceived color of light
  • Diffusion- reduce the sharpness and/or contrast of the picture
  • Special effects- Do everything from creating multiple images to split screen. Most of these things can be done in post production.
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15
Q

Proper Lens Care

A
  • Loose dirt or dust can be blown or brushed away with a soft photo brush or an air blower.
  • Do not use your shirt, tissue, or mouth.
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16
Q

Filter Wheel

A
  • The 1st thing and image passes through in a network quality camera.
  • Contains basic filters (clear, color correction, and light reduction)
17
Q

CCDS and CMOS

A
  • CCDS more expensive, less susceptible to noise in the picture, require more battery power
  • CMO (Complementary metal oxide semi conductors)
18
Q

NTSC

A
  • National Television Systems Committee- reference system used in the U.S. from 1940s until 2009.
  • Used 525 lines of resolution and scanned at 59.85 fields per sec.
19
Q

ATSC

A
  • Advanced Television Systems Committee

* 16 x 9, 1080 lines of resolution

20
Q

Camera Functions

A
  • Power Switch- Gives power
  • Standby- Used when you don’t need to operate it, but want to start up quick.
  • Save on- Gives you a pic in the viewfinder, but prevents the VCR’s tape servo motors from coming up to speed.
  • On
  • Camera bars- Makes the output of the camera either the picture or the color bar generator contained within the camera.
  • Gain switch
  • White balance, black balance
21
Q

Monitoring Pictures

A
  • Viewfinder shows exactly what the recorder sees

* Can show Zebra bars, which appear over parts of the picture to display the exposure level.

22
Q

Shutter Speed

A
  • Normal is 1/60 of a sec
  • Fast shutter speeds allow for slow-motion pictures & freeze frames, but show a strobe effect when playback at the normal amount of frames per sec
23
Q

Waveform Monitor

A

• Needed to make adjustments on the electronics of a camera.

24
Q

Vector Scope

A
  • Checks the color or chroma of the TV signal.

* Ex: If reds don’t look right this will tell whether it’s the operators eye, the TV set, or the camera that is wrong.

25
Type C Format
* One inch tape format became the studio standard for years, but wasn’t practical in the field. * Had good resolution and allowed special effects like slow motion without distortion.
26
Sonny Betacam
ntroduced in 1982 dominated the professional world of videotape for portable recording.
27
DV
* Developed in the late 1990’s for lower-end professional or industrial market. * All DV formats use an 8-bit 4:1:1 sampling rate.
28
Flash Memory
* Many camcorders have he ability to record directly to a memory card. * SD Cards (secure digital) * CF (compact flash) * Advantages: Has no moving parts and is not sensitive to extreme temperature, vibration, or shock. Rewritable.
29
Time Code
• Allows each frame of the video to be numbered. When played back scenes or shots can be located by their time code.
30
Troubleshooting Equipment
* Always check battery 1st. * Tape decks (Is the record tab in place?) * Know the switches and buttons on equipment * Head cloggs
31
Proper Battery Care
* Amps = watts/volts * Ideal temp is 75 degrees * No leak icepacks help cool camera and battery
32
Tripod Components
* Fluid head- Acts as dampening agent to resist movement so that the camera doesn’t jerk. * Pan/tilt locks * Counterbalance * Tripod legs * Spreader
33
Dolly
• Forward and back movement of the entire camera unit
34
Crane
• Camera mount that allows it to be raised or lowered
35
Boom
A pole that holds Mic