Chapter 8

Question 1

Men who had been born in Spain

Answer 1

Peninsulares

Question 2

Spaniards born in Latin America

Answer 2

Creoles

Question 3

Persons of mixed European and African ancestors

Answer 3

Mulattos

Question 4

Romantic and practical liberator

Answer 4

Simón Bolívar

Question 5

Simple and modest liberator

Answer 5

José de San Martin

Question 6

Took first step in towards independence

Answer 6

Miguel Hidalgo

Question 7

Led rebellion for 4 years/ defeated by Augustan de Inturbide in 1815

Answer 7

José María Morelos

Question 8

What caused the creoles in South America to rebel against Spain?

Answer 8

Couldn’t hold high-level political office, felt NO loyalty to a French king

Question 9

What role did Augustin de Iturbide play in the independence of Mexico and of countries of Central America?

Answer 9

Refused to recognize declarations of independence from Mexico, made peace with last ruler

Question 10

Who was Dom Pedro, and what role did he o,ay in Brazil’s move for independence?

Answer 10

King Johns son, officially declared Brazil’s independence

Question 11

Wealthy property owners and nobility

Answer 11

Conservatives

Question 12

Middle-class Business owners and merchants

Answer 12

Liberals

Question 13

Favored drastic change drastic to extend democracy to the people as a whole

Answer 13

Radicals

Question 14

Belief that ones loyalty shouldn’t be to a great king but rather to a nation of people who share common culture and history

Answer 14

Nationalism

Question 15

When nation had its own independent nation

Answer 15

Nation-State

Question 16

Region that includes all or part of present day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey

Answer 16

The Balkans

Question 17

Won presidential election and brought peace to France

Answer 17

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 18

Decided to move Russia towards modernization and social change

Answer 18

Alexander II

Question 19

Why did so many people in Europe and North America support the revolution of Greek nationalists against the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 19

Russians felt a connection to Greek Orthodox Christians

Educated Europeans and North Americans loved and respected the Ancient Greek culture

Question 20

How successful were the revolts in 1848? Explain.

Answer 20

Not very successful, they overthrow the monarchy and established a republic but that fell apart almost immediately

Question 21

Wealthy, middle-aged aristocrat, who worked tirelessly to expand piedmont-Sardinia’s power

Answer 21

Camilo di Cavour

Question 22

Bold and romantic soldier who captured Sicily

Answer 22

Giuseppe Garibaldo

Question 23

Garibaldi followers

Answer 23

Red shirts

Question 24

Conservative junker

Answer 24

Otto von Bismark

Question 25

Politics of reality

Answer 25

Realpolitik

Question 26

Emperor

Answer 26

Kaiser

Question 27

How did nationalism in the 1800s work as a force both for (nifty and disunity?

Answer 27

Disunity- broke up century old empires | Unity- people of same culture began to create new nation states

Question 28

What approaches did Camillo di Cavour use to try to acquire more territory for Piedmont-Sardinia?

Answer 28

He used diplomacy and well chosen alliances to gain territory

Question 29

What strategy did Otto von Bismarck use to try to make Prussia the leader of a united Germany?

Answer 29

Provoked Austria and France into two separate wars, reasoning the 2 would unite the German people behind Prussia

Question 30

Movement in the arts and ideas

Answer 30

Romanticism

Question 31

Tires to show life as it is, not how it should be

Answer 31

Realism

Question 32

Artist reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time

Answer 32

Impressionism

Question 33

Name two ideas of the attitudes of the romantic movement that reflected the ideas of nationalism.

Answer 33

Ideas of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Question 34

What new conditions caused a change in the arts from romanticism to realism?

Answer 34

Rapid industrialization brought bad working conditions to many who lived in dirty crowded cities shining a light on reality