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Human Sexuality > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A

A group of viral, bacterial, and other infections that are spread primarily by sexual behaviors; also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

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2
Q

Pandemic

A

A sudden outbreak of an illness that spreads relatively quickly over entire continents or throughout the world

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3
Q

STI Pandemic

A

A sudden outbreak of a disease (an epidemic) of major proportions that affects a large region, a continent, or spreads worldwide

Ex:HVI

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4
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Having no noticeable symptoms despite the presence of an infectious agent

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5
Q

Risk factors for STIs

A

No warning signs or symptoms

Lack of accurate information 
Unhealthy sexual emotions + attitudes
High-risk sexual behaviors 
Poor sexual communication 
Substance abuse
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6
Q

Alcohol myopia theory

A

The belief that under the influence of alcohol, people are more likely to focus on immediate, “feel-good” behaviors (such as sexual arousal) and ignite future negative consequences

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7
Q

Genital herpes: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A

An STI caused by the herpes simplex virus and characterized by painful sores and blisters usually in the genital or anal area

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8
Q

HSV symptoms?
Transmission?
Diagnosis + treatment ?

A

Outbreaks happen 2-10 days after exposure

Viral shedding

Antiherpetics

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9
Q

Prodromal symptoms

A

Warning signs, such as itching, burning, or pain that an outbreak of an infection such as herpes may be impending

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10
Q

Viral shedding

A

The release of virus particles that can potentially spread the infection to others

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11
Q

Asymptomatic shedding

A

Release of infectious virus particles when no symptoms of infection are present

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12
Q

Antiherpetics

A

Medications developed to treat (reduce or prevent but not cure) outbreaks of the herpes virus

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13
Q

Human papilloma virus (genital warts)

A

A sexually transmitted virus that is typically characterized by warts in the genital or anal area and that may lead to some forms of cancer

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14
Q

Human papilloma virus
Symptoms?
Transmission?
Treatment

A

Warts

Sexually

Can’t be cured but outbreaks can be suppressed

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15
Q

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

A

A virus that may be sexually transmitted and may lead to inflammation and impaired functions of the liver

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16
Q

HBV symptoms

Transmission

A

Jaundice
Cirrhosis of the liver

Direct contact with blood, semen, vagina fluids and saliva

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17
Q

Jaundice

A

A symptom of hepatitis characterized by a yellowing of the skins and eyes

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18
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver

A

A potentially serious liver disease that may lead to liver cancer

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19
Q

Incubation period

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A

The time between infection and the appearance of physical symptoms of illness

20
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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A

The virus that causes AIDS

21
Q

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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A

A gradual failure of the immune system, leading to serious, opportunistic infections, which, in turn may lead to death

22
Q

Opportunistic infections

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A

Diseases that establish themselves in the human body only when the immune system is weakens and incapable of fighting them off

23
Q

Retrovirus

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A

A type of virus, such as HIV, that survives and multiplies by invading and destroying the DNA of normal body cells and then replicating its own DNA into the host cell’s chromosomes

24
Q

Prevalence

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A

The total cumulative number of cases of a disease in a given population

25
Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease in a given population over a specific time period
26
Safe sex fatigue
A loss of tolerance for practicing and a decease in safer sex behaviors
27
Syphilis
A sexually transmitted bacterium characterized by a sore, or chancre, at the point of infection Untreated it may progress to more serious stages and even death
28
Chancre
A sore that typically appears at the site of infection with syphilis
29
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Infection of the upper genital tract Most common STI among women
30
Confidential testing
Test recipients’ names are kept on file in the lab’s records, but with the assurance of full confidentiality
31
Anonymous testing
tests administer without collecting any personal information about clients, who are identified only by an assigned code number
32
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
A combination of several medications prescribed for people who are HIV-positive to delay the onset of AIDS
33
Chlamydia
A sexually transmitted bacterium, often causing a thick, cloudy discharge from the vagina or penis may be asymptomatic especially in women
34
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
A painful condition in women marked by inflammation of the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries Typically caused by one or more untreated STIs
35
Urethritis
A painful inflammation of the urethra Caused by one or more untreated STIs
36
Epididymitis
A painful swelling and inflammation of the epididymus, the structure at the back of each testicles that stores maturing sperm Caused by one or more untreated STIs
37
Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted bacterium, typically producing pain upon urination and a thick cloudy discharge from the penis or vagina Often asymptomatic, especially in women
38
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
A sexually transmitted bacterial infection of the urethra characterized by urethral inflammation and discharge, but not caused by the gonorrhea bacterium
39
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. Genitalium)
A sexually transmitted bacterium that is responsible, along with chlamydia, for the largest percentage of nongonococcal urethritis
40
Antibiotic- resistant strain
A strain of bacteria that has mutated and is no longer treatable with standard antibiotic therapy
41
Trichomoniasis
A common sexually transmitted protozoan parasite causing symptoms in women, including genital irritation, painful urination, and a foul smelling vaginal discharge Infected men are typically asymptomatic, yet contagious
42
Pubic lice
Small, bug like parasites usually sexually transmitted that infest genital area Causes extreme itching Crabs
43
Preventing STIs
``` Be tested Obtaining accurate information Overcoming unhealthy emotions about sex Communicating effectively about sex Avoiding mixing sex and drugs Refraining form risky sexual behaviors ```
44
Acceptable level of risk
The level of risk one is willing to cavalry when making behavioral choices about one’s health and well being
45
Celibacy
Choosing to engage in no sexual activities whatsoever
46
Selective abstinence
Choosing to engage in or avoid certain sexual behaviors on the basis of their risks of STIs or pregnancy

Human Sexuality (15 decks)

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