Chapter 9

Question 1

Oocyte

Answer 1

An immature productive egg or ovum

Contained when a female fetus is born

Women release 400-500 ovums

Question 2

Menarche

Answer 2

The beginning of menstruation during puberty

A girls first period

Question 3

Follicular phase

Answer 3

The rally period during a woman’s monthly fertility cycle when the pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSN) to enhance ov development

Question 4

Literal phase

Answer 4

The lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for receding a fertilized ovum if conception has occurred

The later period of a woman’s monthly fertility cycle

Question 5

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 5

Tightly wound microscopic tubes that comprise the testicles in the male, where sperm cells are generated

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

A fertilized ovum (or egg) moving down the Fallopian tube

Contains genetic material from both

Question 7

Blastocyst

Answer 7

The developing zygote with cells surrounding a fluid-filled core upon entering the uterus and before implanting in the uterine wall

Question 8

Embryo

Answer 8

A blastocyst that has implanted in the uterine wall

Question 9

Placenta

Answer 9

An organ that develops on the uterine wall during pregnancy and joins the developing embryo to the mother’s biological systems

Transfers nourishment, oxygen and waste products between the fetus and the mother

Question 10

Umbilical cord

Answer 10

Consisting of one large vein and two arteries that transport nutrients, oxygen and fetal waste products back and forth between the fetus and the placenta

A structure approximately 22 inches in length

Question 11

Trimester

Answer 11

One of three periods of about three months that make up the phases of a full-term pregnancy

Question 12

First trimester

Answer 12

Embryonic period
Fetus

Highest risk of miscarriage

Question 13

Embryonic period

Answer 13

The initial eight weeks of pregnancy following fertilization

Question 14

Fetus

Answer 14

An embryo after eight weeks of pregnancy

Question 15

Second trimester

Answer 15

Pregnancy is firmly established
Quickening
Sex can be determined

Question 16

Quickening

Answer 16

The first movement of the fetus that is felt by the mother

Question 17

Third trimester

Answer 17

Fetus taste buds have developed
Fetus rotates to head down position
Fetal lungs develop fully and are ready to breathe air

Question 18

Ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy)

Answer 18

A pregnancy complication in which a fertilized ovum attaches and begins to grow outside the uterus

most commonly in the Fallopian tube

Question 19

Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion)

Answer 19

The loss (without any purposeful intervention) of an embryo or fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy

Question 20

Preterm birth (premature birth )

Answer 20

Birth of an infant less than 37 weeks after conception

Leading cause of fetal death

Question 21

Birth defect

Answer 21

A physical abnormality or metabolic dysfunction that is present at birth and may result in physical or mental deficits

Question 22

Teratogen

Answer 22

Any agent that has the potential to cause a fetal abnormality

Ex: drugs , chemicals, metals, microbe

Question 23

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Answer 23

A variety of disorders than may occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy

Question 24

Abortion

Answer 24

Termination of a pregnancy

Assumed to be the result of an a voluntary medical procedure as opposed to a miscarriage

Question 25

Vacuum aspiration

Answer 25

A method of abortion in which a small tube is inserted through the cervix to extract the contents of the uterus including the endometrium lining and embedded embryo species

Question 26

Pro-choice

Answer 26

He belief that a woman has the moral and legal right to choose freely to abort her pregnancy

Question 27

Pro-life

Answer 27

The belief that voluntary abortion is akin to murder and that it should be illegal

Question 28

Dilation and evacuation (D &E)

Answer 28

A method of abortion commonly used when a pregnancy has progressed beyond the first trimester, involving scraping of the uterine walls and auctioning out of the contents

Question 29

Medical abortion

Answer 29

A method of abortion using drugs rather than surgery to terminate a pregnancy

Question 30

Stage one labor

Answer 30

The first stage of the birth process involving the beginning of contractions of the uterus

Question 31

Transition phase

Answer 31

The end of stage one labor as the fetus begins moving through the cervix and down the birth canal

Question 32

Breech birth

Answer 32

Delivery of a fetus emerging with buttocks or legs first rather than head first

Question 33

Stage two labor

Answer 33

The stage of the birth process in which contractions occur close together then in stage one Involve the muscles of the abdomen as well as the uterus and continue until the infant has been expelled from the mother’s body

Question 34

Neonate

Answer 34

A newborn infant

Question 35

APGAR score (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration)

Answer 35

A test that analyzes infant health at birth on the basis of skin color, pulse, reflexes, movement, and breathing

Question 36

Stage three labor

Answer 36

The final stage of the birth process when the placental is expelled from the uterus with the umbilical cord attached

Question 37

OB/GYN

Answer 37

A physician specializing in pregnancy and childbirth

Question 38

Midwife

Answer 38

A person (usually a woman) who has been trained in most aspects of pregnancy, labor and delivery and who is not a physician or registered nurse

Question 39

Nurse- midwife

Answer 39

A registered nurse who has completed an accredited midwifery program and has been certified by the state to deliver babies

Question 40

Birthing center

Answer 40

A hospital life facility with basic medical care equipment focusing on a natural, family centered approach to the birth process in a home like setting

Question 41

Cesarean section

Answer 41

Removal of a fetus from the mother’s uterus surgically through an incision in her abdomen C-section

Question 42

Postpartum

Answer 42

Literally “following birth “ Typically refers to the months or first year following the birth of a child

Question 43

Postpartum depression

Answer 43

A psychological depressive disorder that begins within four weeks after childbirth

Question 44

Postpartum psychosis

Answer 44

A severe postpartum psychological disorder that may include delusions, hallucinations and extreme mental disorganization

Question 45

Infertility

Answer 45

A failure to conceive for 12 consecutive moths despite persisten attempts

Question 46

Laparoscopy

Answer 46

A surgical procedure in which a tube with a tiny camera and light is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen Checks for infertility causes

Question 47

Assisted reproductive technology ART

Answer 47

Various treatments to help infertile women or couples to become pregnant and have a child