Chapter 8

Question 1

Lack of urine output

<100mL/ 24 hours

Answer 1

Anuria

Question 2

A behavioral therapy designed to help patients control bothersome urinary urgency and frequency

Answer 2

Bladder training program

Question 3

Irritation or imflammation of the bladder

Answer 3

Cystitus

Question 4

Overfilling of the bladder resulting in muscle stretching- verified by physical assessment of the bladder

Answer 4

Distention

Question 5

Caused by factors that prohibit or interfere with a patients access to the toilet or other acceptable recepticle for urine

Answer 5

Functional incontinence

Question 6

Abnormal presence of blood in the urine

Answer 6

Hematuria

Question 7

Urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra

Answer 7

Micturation

Question 8

Diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake <500mL / 24 hours or < 30mL / hour

Answer 8

Oliguria

Question 9

Voiding excessive amounts of urine

Answer 9

Polyuria

Question 10

Volume of urine remaining in the bladder after a normal voiding; the bladder normally is almost completely empty after micturation

Answer 10

Residual urine

Question 11

Dribbling incontinence or urinary frequency with a full bladder- caused by chronic urinary retention

Inability to respond adequately to urge to void

Answer 11

Retention with overflow

Question 12

What are factors that

Affect the volume of urine and the voiding process

Answer 12

1) growth and development
2) sociocultural factors
3) psychological factors
4) medication
5) daignostic examinations
6) muscle tone
7) interruption of flow

Question 13

Ability to meet urinary needs and level of development- infant

Answer 13

1) lack of bladder control
2) immature kidneys and small bladder
3) unable to concentrate urine effectively
( Specific gravity around 1.008)
4) output 250-500mL q day
5) urinary control development age 2-5

Question 14

Ability to meet urinary needs according to developmental level- preschooler

Answer 14

1) cognitive ability to respond to urge to void
2) accidents occur
3) girls should be taught to wipe front to back

Question 15

Ability to meet urinary needs according to developmental level- school age children

Answer 15

1) kidneys double in size between ,5-10 years
2) larger bladder
3) urinate 6-8 times q day
4) Enuresis- involuntary passing of urine when control should have been established ( about 5 years old)
5) Noctura- bed wetting; involuntary passing of urine during sleep, not a problem until after age 6

Question 16

Specific gravity of infant urine

Answer 16

1.008

Question 17

Kidneys double in size between ages ?

Answer 17

5-10

Question 18

Involuntary passing of urine when control should have been established

Answer 18

Enuresis

Control should be established by age 5

Question 19

Bed wetting; involuntary passing of urine during sleep; not a problem until

Answer 19

NOCTURIA

NOT. A problem until age 6

Question 20

Effect of age and developmental level on ability to meet urinary elimination need- eldery

Answer 20

1) decreased bladder capacity
2) 30% of nephrons lost by age 80
3) renal blood flow decreases
4) ability to concentrate urine decreases
5) bladder muscle tone decreases
6) risk for incontinence

Question 21

30% of nephrons are lost by age _____?

Answer 21

80

Question 22

Normal urine volume in 24hr

Answer 22

1500-2500mL

Question 23

Composition of normal urine

Answer 23

94% water, 4% solutes

Question 24

Normal urine pH

Answer 24

4.5-8

Question 25

Alkaline urine common with _____

Answer 25

UTI

Question 26

Normal.amount of acetone( ketones) in urine

Answer 26

0 none

Question 27

Normal.amount of protien in urine?

Answer 27

0- none, albumen in the urine is a sensitive indicator of kidney function ( Damage to glomerular membrane)

Question 28

Normal RBC in urine

Answer 28

0 ( except during menstruation )

Question 29

Acidic urine is common in diseases dealing with _______?

Answer 29

Metabolism

Question 30

Normal glucose in the urine

Answer 30

0

Question 31

WBC in the urine, normal value?

Answer 31

0-5 only present during infection or inflammation

Question 32

Compressed protien, cells, debris formed in the kidney tubules

Answer 32

Casts, normally 0 casts in the urine

Question 33

Normal.specific gravity of urine

Answer 33

1.010 - 1.025

Question 34

Identify essential data to be collected for a patient for a patient to meet the basic need of urinary elimination

Answer 34

1) through the patients eyes 2) self-care-ability 3) cultural considerations 4) pattern urination 5) symptoms of urinary alternations 6) physical assessment 7) intake and output 8) laboratory and diagnostic testing 9) diagnostic examinations

Question 35

Health promotion strategies relationship related to the basic need of urinary elimination

Answer 35

1) maintain adequate hydration 2) keep good voiding habits 3) prevent urinary tract infections 4) quit smoking 5) report changes in bladder habbits 6) keep your bowels regular

Question 36

Common problems with urinary elimination

Answer 36

1) dysuria 2) enuresis 3) frequency 4) NOCTURIA 5) retention 6) urgency 7) urinary incontinence

Question 37

Causes of dysuria

Answer 37

UTI, inflammation of prostate, urethritis, trauma, to the lower urinary tract, urinary tract tumors.

Question 38

Common causes of NOCTURIA (nocturnal anuresis)

Answer 38

Excess intake of fluids, bladder outlet obstruction, over reactive bladder, medication, cardiovascular disease, UTI

Question 39

Suddenly unable to void when bladder is adequately full or overfull

Answer 39

Acute retention

Question 40

Bladder doe not empty completely during voiding and urine is retained in the bladder ( happens all the time)

Answer 40

Chronic rentention

Question 41

Repeated involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally aquired

Answer 41

Enuresis

Question 42

Voiding more than 8 times during waking hours and or/ at decreased intervals such as less than every two hours

Answer 42

Frequency

Question 43

Inflammation of the urethra

Answer 43

Urethritis

Question 44

Common cuases of urinary frequency problems

Answer 44

``` High fluid intake, Bladder irritants UTI Increased pressure on bladder( pregnancy) Bladder outlet obstruction Over reactive bladder ```

Question 45

Common cuases of urinary urgency

Answer 45

Full bladder, UTI, inflammation, or irritation of the vladder, overreactive bladder

Question 46

Common causes of rentention

Answer 46

Bladder outlet obstruction, absent or weak bladder contractility, side effects of medications

Question 47

Data which indicates the presence of urinary retention and imlaired urinary elimination

Answer 47

Distention, discomfort, feeling of pressure, tenderness over symphasis pubis, restlessness, diaphoresis Small volume voiding, incontinence of small volumes of urine, no urinary output over several hour Chronic- decrease in voiding vol. Straining to void, fequency, urgency, incontinence and sensation of incomplete emptying

Question 48

Incomplete emptying of the bladder

Answer 48

Urinary retention

Question 49

Defining characteristics of urinary retention

Answer 49

Absent urinary output, bladder distention, dribbling of urine, dysuria, frequent voiding overflow incontinence, residual urine, sensation of bladder fullness, small voiding

Question 50

Definition of impaired urinary elimination

Answer 50

Dysfunction in urine elimination

Question 51

Defining characteristics of impaired urinary elimination

Answer 51

Anatomic obstruction, multiple causality; sensory motor impairment; urinary tract infection

Question 52

Residual volume more that 150-250mL

Answer 52

Urinary retention

Question 53

Interventions for urinary retention

Answer 53

PMH ( past medical history) Pain assessment Physical assessment Recognize retention as medical emergency Review medications Bladder scam Attempt non-invasive methods of encouraging voiding Insert catheter using CDC recommendations

Question 54

Interventions to promote comfort and maintain skin integrity

Answer 54

1) containment of urine 2) gentle skin cleansing with no-rinse pH balance cleanser 3) use of moisturizer 4) apply moisture barrier product

Question 55

A toilet schedule based on the patients usual voiding pattern

Answer 55

Habit training

Question 56

A program of toileting designed for patients with mild or moderate cognitive impairment

Answer 56

Prompted voiding

Question 57

Involves teaching patients how to indentify and contact pelvic floor muscles

Answer 57

Pelvic muscle exersizes

Question 58

Behavioral therapy designed to help patients control bothersome urinary urgency and frequency

Answer 58

Bladder training

Question 59

Nursing interventions in prevention or treatment of cystitis and UTI

Answer 59

A) EDUCATION Maintain adequate fluid intake Void when urge is felt before and after sex Proper Peri care ( avoid bubble baths, harsh soaps and powder) Avoid synthetic underwear Avoid tight fitting clothes that restrict urethra

Question 60

When to empty the catheter drainage bag

Answer 60

1/2 full

Question 61

Keep the urinary drainage bag _______ the level of the bladder

Answer 61

Below

Question 62

Patients in acute care should have urinary catheters inserted useing ________ technique and _________ equipment

Answer 62

Aseptic technique | Sterile equipment

Question 63

Obtain urine samples from an indwelling catheter using the.....

Answer 63

Sample port Clean the port with disinfectant Use a sterile syringe/ cannula