Chapter 8/9

Question 1

the bending of light as it enters the eye and passes through the cornea and lens, ultimately focusing light onto the retina for clear vision

Answer 1

refraction

Question 2

the ability to adjust focus and see objects clearly at different distances by changing the shape (curvature) of the eye’s natural lens.

Answer 2

Accommodation

Question 3

eye condition where the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, causing light to focus unevenly on the retina and resulting in blurry vision at all distances.

Answer 3

Astigmatism

Question 4

aka farsightedness, refractive error where the eye focuses light behind the retina… causes close objects to appear blurry.

Answer 4

Hyperopia

Question 5

aka nearsightedness, common eye condition where distant objects appear blurry.. caused by the eye’s shape or parts not refracting light correctly.

Answer 5

Myopia

Question 6

the age-related, natural loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects

Answer 6

Presbyopia

Question 7

when fluid builds up in the front of the eye, increasing pressure (intraocular pressure). This pressure can damage the optic nerve

Answer 7

Glaucoma

Question 8

perception of sound (like ringing, buzzing, or hissing) in one or both ears, or in your head, when no external sound is present.

Answer 8

tinnitus

Question 9

a sensation of spinning or movement when you are still

Answer 9

vertigo

Question 10

earwax is also known as ___

Answer 10

cerumen

Question 11

phac/o & phak/o

Answer 11

lens

Question 12

cor/o & core/o

Answer 12

Pupil

Question 13

blephar/o

Answer 13

Eyelid

Question 13

corne/o

Answer 13

Cornea

Question 14

retinol/o

Answer 14

Retina

Question 15

lacrimal/o

Answer 15

Lacrimal glands

Question 16

conjunctiv/o

Answer 16

Conjunctiva

Question 17

What is the lens?

Answer 17

a clear, curved structure at the front of the eye behind the pupil that focuses light rays making an image on the retina

Question 18

What is the pupil?

Answer 18

the black, circular opening that controls how much light enters the eye.

Question 19

What is the eyelid?

Answer 19

movable fold of skin and muscle that covers and protects the eye

Question 20

What is the cornea?

Answer 20

transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside

Question 21

What is the retina?

Answer 21

the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye that converts light into nerve signals

Question 22

What is the lacrimal glands?

Answer 22

located above the outer corner of the eye. Its primary function is to produce tears

Question 23

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 23

a thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eyeball

Question 24

Ocul/o, opt/o, opthalm/o

Answer 24

eye

Question 25

Cochlea function and location

Answer 25

inner ear, converts sound waves to electric signals

Question 26

Eustachian tube function and location

Answer 26

middle ear and equalize pressure

Question 27

Tympanic membrane location and function

Answer 27

outer ear, eardrum that is funnel shape that separates outer ear from middle

Question 28

tympan/o

Answer 28

eardrum, middle ear

Question 29

myring/o

Answer 29

eardrum, middle ear

Question 30

cochle/o

Answer 30

cochlea

Question 31

audi/o, audit/o, auricul/o, aur/o

Answer 31

hearing

Question 32

Ot/o

Answer 32

ear

Question 33

conjunctivitis

Answer 33

pink eye caused by infection

Question 34

otitis media

Answer 34

inflammation or infection located in the middle ear

Question 35

otitis externa

Answer 35

n inflammation of the external ear canal

Question 36

glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 36

Endocrine glands

Question 37

secrete hormones to target areas by sending it through a tube or duct to get there.

Answer 37

Exocrine glands

Question 38

lab test that tells your average blood sugar levels over 2-3 months. Greater than 6%-6.4% HgbA1C is indicative for diabetes.

Answer 38

Glycated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1C)

Question 39

If blood sugar is too low the pancreas secretes____

Answer 39

glucagon

Question 40

where is glucagon made

Answer 40

alpha cells

Question 41

Term for making sugar

Answer 41

glucogenesis

Question 42

high blood sugar level

Answer 42

hyperglycemia

Question 43

blood sugar is too high because insulin does not appropriately carry the sugar from the bloodstream into the cells.

Answer 43

diabetes

Question 44

____ lower blood sugar by taking sugar into the cells

Answer 44

insulin

Question 45

___is secreted in pancreas by beta cells, which are located in Islets of Langerhans

Answer 45

insulin

Question 46

Adrenal glands function

Answer 46

regulate growth, metabolism, secrete CATECHOLAMINES, secrete cortisol, and regulate water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, etc) in the body.

Question 47

What are the two catecholamines? (aka fight of flight)

Answer 47

ephinephrine & norephinphrine

Question 48

____gland is the primary gland responsible for the “speed” your metabolism

Answer 48

thyroid

Question 49

a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, leading to various symptoms like weight gain, especially in the face and upper body, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.

Answer 49

Cushing syndrome

Question 50

a chronic condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it produces, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Answer 50

diabetes

Question 51

occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, often treated with hormone replacement therapy.

Answer 51

hypothyroid

Question 52

thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to a sped-up metabolism and various symptoms

Answer 52

hyperthyroid

Question 53

a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth in height and other body parts due to high levels of growth hormone (GH) during childhood

Answer 53

gigantism

Question 54

pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone that causes enlargement of the face, hands, and feet.

Answer 54

acromegaly

Question 55

a condition where the pituitary gland doesn't produce enough growth hormone, leading to stunted growth and short stature in children.

Answer 55

dwarfism

Question 56

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 56

thyroid

Question 57

Parathyroid/o

Answer 57

parathyroid gland

Question 58

Pancreat/o

Answer 58

pancreas

Question 59

Hypothalam/o

Answer 59

hypothalamus

Question 60

Gynec/o

Answer 60

female

Question 61

Gonad/o

Answer 61

sex glands, reproductive organs

Question 62

Glyc/o

Answer 62

glycogen

Question 63

Gluc/o

Answer 63

glucose

Question 64

Cortic/o

Answer 64

cortex, outer region

Question 65

Andr/o

Answer 65

male

Question 66

Adren/o, aderenal/o

Answer 66

adrenal glands

Question 67

aden/o

Answer 67

gland