Flashcards in Chapter 8 Deck (49):
0
William the Conquerer
Won the backing of the pope, conquered England, took a census in 1086, and helped make an efficient system of tax collection
1
Common law
A legal system based on custom and court rulings
2
Jury
Group of men sworn to speak the truth
3
King John
Excommunicated, lost battle against Phillip II, England under interdict, signed Magna Carta
4
Magna Carta
Great charter
5
Due process of law
The requirement that the government act fairly and in accordance with established rules in all that it does
6
Habeas Corpus
The principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
7
Parliament
The legislature of England, and later Great Britain
8
Louis IX
A deeply religious man who persecuted heretics and persecuted Jews and led French knights in two Crusades
9
Anglo-Saxons
Invaded and settled in England
10
Doomsday book
Book of census. Listed every castle, field, and pigpen in England
11
Estates General
Body of representatives from all three estates, or classes of French society
12
Holy Roman Empire
Empire of west Central Europe from 962-1806
13
Henry IV
King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor
14
Pope Gregory VII
Pope who excommunicated Henry IV
15
Lay investiture
Appointed of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy
16
Fredrick Barbarossa "Red Beard"
Dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic to the Adriatic, fought to bring wealthy cities of northern Italy under his control
17
Pope Innocent III
Claimed supremacy
18
Concordat of Worms
The treaty declared that the church had the sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority
19
St. Francis of Assisi
Approves the rules if the Franciscan order
20
A 17 year old peasant women who appeared at the court of Charles vii, te uncrowned king of France. She told him that god had sent him to save France
Joan of arc
21
Created a growing sense of national feeling in France am allowed French kings to expand their power
100 year war
22
Crusades
A series of wars when the European Christians tried to win the control of the Holy Land from Muslims
23
Holy Land
Jerusalem and other places un Palestine where Christians believe Jesus had lived there and preached
24
Pope Urban II
Helped raise support to keep the Holy Lands
25
Reconquista
The campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain
26
Ferdinand and Isabella
Made a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada
27
Inquisition
A church court set up to try people accused of heresy
28
Saladin
Muslim leader, retook Jerusalem
29
Marco Polo
A young Venetian who set out for China with his merchant father and uncle
30
Richard the lion-hearted
Led the Crusades
31
Scholasticism
The school of thought that used logic and reason to support Christian belief
32
Thomas Aquinas
Wrote the Summa theologica, which concluded that faith and reason to exist in harmony
33
Vernacular
Everyday language of ordinary people
34
Dante Alighieri
An Italian poet who wrote Divine Comedy
35
Divine Comedy
A poem which takes the reader on an imaginary journey into hell and purgatory, where would await forgiveness
36
Gothic style
Type of European architecture that was characterized by flying buttresses, ribbed vaulting, thin walls, and high roofs
37
Flying buttresses
A buttress slanting from a separate pier
38
Gargoyles
A grotesque carved human or animal face or figures projecting from the gutter of a building
39
Vaulted ceilings
Pointed arches called vaults form a strong skeleton on which the roof material is laid
40
Notre Dame
The largest, grandest cathedrals in Paris
41
Illumination
The artistic decoration of books and manuscripts
42
Book of Kells
A medieval manuscript made in Ireland
43
Black Death
An epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s
44
Epidemic
Outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease
45
Inflation
Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
46
Schism
Permanent division in a church
47
Longbow
Six-foot-long now that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce most armour
48