chapter 8

Question 1

Posterior urethral valves

Answer 1

most common congenital disorder in males. usually in poterior prostatic urethra

Question 2

posterior urethral valves lead to

Answer 2

obstructive hydronephrosis

Question 3

urethrorectal & vesicourethral fistulas associated with

Answer 3

imperforate anus. children pass gas and fecal matter through urethra

Question 4

hydrospadius

Answer 4

urethral meatus on ventral surface of penis or on perineum. severe cases are associated with chordee. don’t circumcise.

Question 5

epispadius

Answer 5

urethra opens on dorsal surface of penis.

Question 6

priapism

Answer 6

painful, persistent erection involving the corpora carvernosa more than corpora spongiosum.

Question 7

causes of priapism

Answer 7

sickle cell disease, various drugs, anticoagulants, diabetes, leukemia, ect.

Question 8

phimosis

Answer 8

uncircumcised skin cannot be retracted posteriorly over glans of the penis.

Question 9

pathological phimosis

Answer 9

occurs after puberty

Question 10

paraphimosis

Answer 10

a foreskin that has been retracted posteriorly over the glans cannot be replaced to its normal position. swelling and edema occur.

Question 11

chordee

Answer 11

ventrally distorted penile head associate with hyperspadius

Question 12

peyronie disease

Answer 12

palpable fibrous plaque formation on the surface of the corpora carvernosa. Causes penile curvature and incomplete erection

Question 13

Urethral strictures

Answer 13

acquired due to infections or trauma

Question 14

carcinoma of the penis is associated with

Answer 14

phimosis and chronic inflammation from smegma under foreskin. most are squamous cell carcinomas.

Question 15

carcinoma of the penis causitive agent

Answer 15

human papilloma virus. it is almost nonexistent in circumcised males.

Question 16

Cryptorchidism

Answer 16

is when a testis is in any location other than the scrotum.

Question 17

treatment of cryptorchidism

Answer 17

orchiopexy to lower the testis. still have up to 40 times normal likelihood of developing carcinoma.

Question 18

hydrocele

Answer 18

a fluid filled collection surrounding the testicle or spermatic cord. they light up when light is shown on them.

Question 19

hernia

Answer 19

protrusion of body contents into neighboring spaces.

Question 20

Types of hernias

Answer 20

indirect inguinal hernia, direct inguinal, femoral, and umbilical hernia.

Question 21

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 21

abdominal contents follow the spermatic cord

Question 22

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 22

abdominal contents protrude in a more medial location than indirect hernias

Question 23

femoral hernias

Answer 23

follow course of femoral vessels deep to inguinal ligament. (more common in females)

Question 24

umbilical hernias

Answer 24

protrude through an enlarged umbilical ring. most close spontaneously.

Question 25

spematocele

Answer 25

painless cystic sperm containing masses.

Question 26

epididymitis

Answer 26

bacterial with both sexually and nonsexually transmitted organisms possible

Question 27

testicular neoplasms time frame

Answer 27

seen in late adolescents to early adulthood. most common age 20-24. most cancers arise from germinal cells

Question 28

testicular neoplasm- Seminoma

Answer 28

less common and sensitive to radiation.

Question 29

testicular neoplasm- Nonseminona

Answer 29

4 types, more common, grows quickly.

Question 30

nonseminoma tumor markers

Answer 30

alpha-fetoprotein, beta-subunit gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase

Question 31

diagnosis of BPH

Answer 31

measure post void residual volume of urine

Question 32

treatment of BPH

Answer 32

alpha-adrenergic blocker, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, TUMT, TUNA, and TURP.

Question 33

acute bacterial prostatitis caused by

Answer 33

gram negative rods like E. coli. present with fever and lower back pain.

Question 34

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

Answer 34

presents with relapsing UTIs.

Question 35

chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Answer 35

majority of cases of prostatitis.

Question 36

prostate cancer

Answer 36

most common in men other than skin cancer.

Question 37

risks of prostate cancer (silent killer)

Answer 37

foods with saturated fats, high calcium intake, low intake of fiber and complex carbohydrates, high protein intake, increased androgens, some are autosomal dominant.