CHAPTER 8 FINALS

Question 1

Origins of Delinquency Prevention

Answer 1

The history of the prevention of juvenile delinquency is closely tied to the history of juvenile justice. From the House of Refuge, which opened in New York in 1825, to more contemporary events, such as enactment of various statutes, child saving organizations and
lawmakers have had interest in both the prevention and control of delinquency.

Question 2

Many faces of Delinquency Prevention

Answer 2

Preventing juvenile delinquency means many different things to many different people. Programs or policing designed to prevent juvenile delinquency can include arrest as part of an operation to address gang problems, juvenile court sanction to a secure correctional facility or, in extreme cases, and a death penalty sentence

Question 3

Are not designed with the intention of excluding juvenile justice personnel.

Answer 3

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS

Question 4

Early Stages of Delinquency Prevention

Answer 4

In the effort to address juvenile delinquency, early interventions have received much interest and have come to be seen as an important part of an overall strategy.

Question 5

In a supportive and loving home environment, parents care for their children’s health and general well-being, help instill in their children’s positive values such as honesty and respect for others, and nurture in them pro-social behavior.

Answer 5

HOME-BASED PROGRAMS

Question 6

Another form of family support that has shown some success is improving parenting skills. Although the main focus of parent training programs is on the parents, many of these
programs also involve children with the aim of improving the parent-child bond.

Answer 6

PARENTING SKILLS PROGRAMS

Question 7

Daycare services are available to children of working parents. In addition to allowing parents to return to work, daycare affords children a number of important benefits, including social interaction with other children and stimulation of their cognitive, sensory, and motor control skills.

Answer 7

DAYCARE PROGRAMS

Question 8

Differ from daycare programs in that pre-school is geared more toward preparing children for school. Pre-school is typically provided for children aged 3 to 5 years. These are the formative years of brain development; more learning takes place during this development stage than at any other state over the life course.

Answer 8

PRE-SCHOOL PROGRAMS

Question 9

Schools are a critical social context for delinquency prevention efforts from the early to
the latter grades. School work to produce vibrant and productive members of society. The school’s role in preventing delinquency in general differs from measures taken to make the school a safer place.

Answer 9

PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRAMS

Question 10

Usually involve non-professional volunteers spending time with young people at risk for delinquency or in danger of dropping out of school.

Answer 10

MENTORING PROGRAMS

Question 11

Safety of students in early college and high school takes on a much higher profile than in the early grades because of a larger number of violent incidents in such schools.

Answer 11

SCHOOL-BASED PROGRAM

Question 12

Include childcare centers, tutoring programs at school, dance groups, basketball leagues, and drop-in clubs.

Answer 12

AFTER-SCHOOL PROGRAMS

Question 13

Having a job means having money to pay for necessities as well as leisure activities.

Answer 13

JOB-TRAINING PROGRAMS

Question 14

This includes analyzing the delinquency problem, identifying available resources in the community, developing priority delinquency projects, and identifying successful programs inn other communities with the end in view of tailoring them to local conditions and needs.

Answer 14

COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS

Question 15

Holds that the choice to commit a delinquent act is structured by the threat of punishment.

Answer 15

GENERAL DETERRENCE

Question 16

Holds that if offenders are punished severely, the experience will convince them not to repeat their illegal acts.

Answer 16

SPECIFIC DETERRENCE

Question 17

Rather than deterring or punishing individuals in order to reduce delinquency rates, situation prevention strategies aim to reduce the opportunities for people to commit particular crimes.

Answer 17

SITUATIONAL DETERRENCE

Question 18

One of the first efforts to classify the many different types of delinquency prevention activities drew upon the public health an approach to preventing diseases and injuries.

Answer 18

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH

Question 19

Another popular approach in classifying delinquency prevention activities is the developmental perspective.

Answer 19

DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

Question 20

Is directed at modifying an changing crime-causing conditions in the overall physical and social conditions that lead to crime.

Answer 20

PRIMARY PREVENTION

Question 21

Seeks early identification and intervention into the lives of individuals or groups. It focuses on changing the behavior of those who are likely to become delinquent.

Answer 21

SECONDARY PREVENTION

Question 22

Is aimed at preventing recidivism, that is, it focuses on preventing further delinquent acts by youth directly identified as delinquent

Answer 22

TERTIARY PREVENTION

Question 23

Are considered by many to be crucial to the development of a consistent and comprehensive approach to the problem of youth crime and delinquency.

Answer 23

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION EFFORTS

Question 24

Programs assist families and children by providing them with information. Some programs inform parents on how to raise healthy children; some teach children about the effects of drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons; and others aim to express to youth the innate worth they and all others have.

Answer 24

EDUCATION MODEL

Question 25

One of the immediate benefits of recreational activities is that they fill unsupervised after school hours.

Answer 25

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Question 26

Girl scouts, boy scouts, church youth groups, and volunteer groups all involve youth within a community.

Answer 26

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

Question 27

Pay visits to low income, single mothers between their third trimester and the second year of their child's life.

Answer 27

PRENATAL AND INFANCY HOME VISITATION

Question 28

Takes parents and children approximately 12 weeks to complete. It is designed to teach parenting skills to parents of children ages 2 to 7 who exhibit major behavioral problems.

Answer 28

PRENT-CHILD INTERACTION

Question 29

Put in place in elementary and high school settings. An anonymous student questionnaire fills teachers and administrators in as to who is doing the bullying, which kids are most frequently victimized, and where bullying occurs in campus.

Answer 29

BULLYING PREVENTION

Question 30

A youth entering the juvenile justice system has the opportunity to receive intervention assistance from the government.

Answer 30

INTERVENTION ASSISTANCE

Question 31

Is an example of a successful juvenile detention facility that gears its programs toward restoring delinquent youth.

Answer 31

YOUTH INSTITUTION

Question 32

Once out of the facility, youths face the challenge of readjusting to "free-life." They must create a pat tern of life separate from criminal activity.

Answer 32

ENDING REPEAT OFFENSES

Question 33

A family therapist works with the family and helps individual family members see how they can positively motivate change in their home.

Answer 33

FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY

Question 34

Currently, the society is steering away from this tactic, as it has proven rather ineffective, but during the 1990s it was a technique in which politicians and the greater community put much confidence.

Answer 34

SCARE TACTICS

Question 35

In the years that "get tough on crime" policies were being established, various new programs were also attempted.

Answer 35

JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS

Question 36

Brought pa role/probation youth into interaction with adult prisoners through meetings or short-term incarcerations, The program was designed to frighten young offenders

Answer 36

SCARED STRAIGHT

Question 37

Is likely to be guided by careful research on the etiology of youth crime and by rigorous evaluations of prevention programs.

Answer 37

MODERN PREVENTION PROGRAMMING

Question 38

Tries to treat and rehabilitate youngsters who become involved in delinquency. The methods can be categorized as community treatment, residential treatment, non-residential community treatment, and institutionalization.

Answer 38

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

Question 39

Serve a number of purposes, many of which are similar to those underpinning adult correctional systems.

Answer 39

MODERN JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS

Question 40

Are institutions that provide a more wholesome atmosphere than locked detention facilities.

Answer 40

NON-SECURE RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES

Question 41

Are roughly comparable to adult jails, and were first established during the late nineteenth century as an alternative to holding juveniles in jails.

Answer 41

JUVENILE DETENTION CENTERS

Question 42

The use of jails as primary institutions for holding juveniles ended with the establishment of juvenile facilities.

Answer 42

JAIL FACILITIES

Question 43

Are secure residential correctional facilities managed as either a public or private institution.

Answer 43

TRAINING SCHOOLS

Question 44

Long-term juvenile correctional institutions also include innovative alternative detention programs, such as wilderness programs and Boy’s Town.

Answer 44

ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS

Question 45

Allows youths adjudicated as delinquent to serve their sentences in the community under supervision.

Answer 45

JUVENILE PROBATION

Question 46

Follows the juvenile justice rhetoric of treatment and restoration instead of punishment and decay.

Answer 46

COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS

Question 47

Most juveniles are housed in public institutions administered by government agencies, child and youth services, health and social services, corrections, or child welfare.

Answer 47

JUVENILE INSTITUTIONS

Question 48

Include intensive supervision, house arrest, incarceration, or Boy’s Town. Such sanctions provide swift, certain punishment while avoiding the expense and the negative effects of institutionalization

Answer 48

INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS

Question 49

Is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system. When juveniles are released from an institution, they may be placed in an aftercare program for transitional assistance.

Answer 49

JUVENILE AFTERCARE

Question 50

Are built around a combination of psychotherapy, reality therapy, and behavior modification.

Answer 50

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Question 51

Is more economical than individual therapy because one therapist can counsel more than one individual at a time.

Answer 51

GROUP TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Question 52

Are an important part of social development, and have therapeutic as well as instructional value, they are an essential part of most treatment programs.

Answer 52

EDUCATIONAL, VOCATIONAL, AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS

Question 53

Involve outdoor activities as a mechanism to improve social skills, self-concept, and self-control.

Answer 53

WILDERNESS PROGRAM

Question 54

Combines the get-tough elements of adult programs with education, drug abuse treatment, and social skills training.

Answer 54

BOY'S TOWN PROGRAM