Chapter 8 G (Pathology) Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizure

A

Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment

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2
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli

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3
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and eventually, death

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4
Q

Amnesia

A

Loss of memory

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5
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to loss of muscular control and death

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6
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and releases blood

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7
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of speech

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8
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to properly use familiar objects

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9
Q

Aura

A

Group of symptoms that precede a seizure

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10
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A

Meningitis caused by a bacteria; pyrogenic meningitis

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11
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary

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12
Q

Brain contusion

A

Bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration

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13
Q

Cerebral infarction

A

Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke; CVA

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14
Q

Coma

A

Abnormally deep sleep with little or no response to stimuli

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15
Q

Concussion

A

Brain injury due trauma

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16
Q

Dementia

A

Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly

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17
Q

Demyelination

A

Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in MS

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

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19
Q

Duritis

A

Inflammation of the dura matter

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20
Q

Dysphasia

A

Speech difficulty

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21
Q

Embolic stroke

A

Sudden stroke caused by an embolus

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22
Q

Embolus

A

Clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain

23
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic recurrent seizure activity

24
Q

Ganglion

A

Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist

25
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A

Most malignant type of glioma

26
Q

Glioma

A

Tumor that arises from neuroglia

27
Q

Grand mal seizure

A

tonic-clonic seizure; Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

28
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery

29
Q

Huntington’s chorea

A

Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements

30
Q

Hyrocephalus

A

Overproduction of fluid in the brain

31
Q

Lou Gehrig’s disease

A

ALS

32
Q

Meningioma

A

Tumor that arises from the meninges

33
Q

Meningocele

A

In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of teh skin

34
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

In spina bifida cystica, a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin

35
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis

36
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; causes some muscle weakness

37
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep

38
Q

Palsy

A

Partial or complete paralysis

39
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation, such as tingling

40
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Degenerative of nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine

41
Q

Petit mal seizure

A

Absence seizure, mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the enviroment

42
Q

Radiculitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots

43
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve

44
Q

Shingles

A

Viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves

45
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleepwalking

46
Q

Somnolence

A

Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder

47
Q

Spinal bifida

A

Congenital defect of the spinal column

48
Q

Syncope

A

Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain

49
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and eventually death

50
Q

Tics

A

Twitching movements that accompany some neurological disorders

51
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

52
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics

53
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occure

54
Q

Viral meningitis

A

Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis