Chapter 8 A (The Nervous System)

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Chemical that stimulates cells

Question 2

Afferent (sensory) neuron

Answer 2

Neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system

Question 3

Arachnoid

Answer 3

Middle Layer of the Meninges

Question 4

Astrocyte, Astroglia

Answer 4

A type of neuroglia that maintains nutrient and chemical levels in neurons

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and various membranes

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 7

Basal ganglia

Answer 7

Large masses of gray matter within the cerebrum

Question 8

Brain

Answer 8

Body organ responsible for controlling the body’s functions and interactions with outside stimuli

Question 9

Brainstem

Answer 9

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that controls certain heart, lung, and visual functions

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

Part of a nerve cell that has branches or fibers that reach out to send or receive impulses

Question 11

Central nervous system

Answer 11

The brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Cerebellum

Answer 12

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement

Question 13

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 13

Outer portion of the cerebrum

Question 14

Cerebrospinal

Answer 14

Watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

One of four major divisions of the brain; division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretations, and certain bodily movements

Question 16

Conductivity

Answer 16

Ability to transmit a signal

Question 17

Convolutions

Answer 17

Folds in the cerebral cortex; gyri

Question 18

Corpus callosum

Answer 18

Bridge of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 19

Cranial nerves

Answer 19

Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain

Question 20

Dendrite

Answer 20

A thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body

Question 21

Diencephalon

Answer 21

One of four major structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus

Question 22

Dura matter

Answer 22

Outermost layer of meninges

Question 23

Efferent (Motor) Neuron

Answer 23

Neuron that carries information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system

Question 24

Epidural space

Answer 24

Area between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord

Question 25

Epithalamus

Answer 25

One of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay system

Question 26

Excitability

Answer 26

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 27

Fissure

Answer 27

One of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus

Question 28

Frontal lobe

Answer 28

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 29

Gyrus

Answer 29

convolution; fold in the cerebral cortex

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

One of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

Question 31

Interneuron

Answer 31

Neuron that carries and processes sensory information

Question 32

Medulla oblongata

Answer 32

Part of the brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

Question 33

Meninges

Answer 33

Three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Microglia

Answer 34

A type of neuroglia that removes debris

Question 35

Midbrain

Answer 35

Part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes

Question 36

Myelin sheath

Answer 36

Fatty tissue that covers axons

Question 37

Nerve

Answer 37

Bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body

Question 38

Nerve cell

Answer 38

Basic cell of the nervous system having three parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a neuron

Question 39

Nerve impulse

Answer 39

Released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response

Question 40

Neurilemma

Answer 40

Membranous covering that protects the meyelin sheath

Question 41

Neurolgia

Answer 41

Cell of the nervous system that does not transmit impulses

Question 42

Neuron

Answer 42

Basic cell of the nervous system having 3 parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a nerve cell

Question 43

Neurotransmitters

Answer 43

Various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon

Question 44

Occipital lobe

Answer 44

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 45

Oligodendroglia

Answer 45

A type of neuroglia that produces myelin and helps to support neurons

Question 46

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 46

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state

Question 47

Parietal lobe

Answer 47

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 48

Pia matter

Answer 48

Innermost layer of meninges

Question 49

Pons

Answer 49

Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions

Question 50

Receptor

Answer 50

Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses

Question 51

Somatic nervous system

Answer 51

Part of the peripheral nervous system that receives and processes sensory input form various parts of the body

Question 52

Spinal cord

Answer 52

Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend

Question 53

Spinal nerves

Answer 53

Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities

Question 54

Stimulus

Answer 54

Anything that arouses a response

Question 55

Subdural space

Answer 55

Area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs

Question 56

Sulcus

Answer 56

fissure; one of many indentations in the cerebrum

Question 57

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 57

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress

Question 58

Synapse

Answer 58

Spacer over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another

Question 59

Temporal lobe

Answer 59

One of four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

Question 60

Terminal end fibers

Answer 60

Group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron

Question 61

Thalamus

Answer 61

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station; ventral thalamus

Question 62

Ventral thalamus

Answer 62

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

Question 63

Ventricle

Answer 63

Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid