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Chemistry 1003 > chapter 8; Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, osmosis, and dialysis > Flashcards

chapter 8; Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, osmosis, and dialysis Flashcards

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1
Q

how can mixtures be separated into their components

A

by physical separation techniques

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2
Q

mixtures are composed of […] or more elements and/or compounds

A

Two

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3
Q

homogeneous are components […] distributed

A

evenly

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4
Q

heterogeneous are components […] distributed

A

unevenly

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5
Q

the components of a homogeneous mixture are […] distributed whereas the components of a heterogeneous mixture are […] distributed throughout the mixture

A

evenly
unevenly

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6
Q

are solutes minor or major components in the solution homogeneous mixture

A

minor

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7
Q

is solvent minor or major component in the solution homogeneous

A

major

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8
Q

does a solute (minor component) dissolve in to a solvent (major component) or a solvent dissolve into a solute in a solution homogeneous mixture

A

a solute (minor component) dissolves in a solvent (major component)

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9
Q

since solutes are very small particles in solution homogeneous mixtures, what are they consisted of

A

molecules
ions

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10
Q

what is the solvent often in a solution homogeneous mixture

A

water,
forming aqueous (aq) solutions

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11
Q

although solutions are transparent, do they have some color

A

may be colorful
e.g. Gatorade

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12
Q

what makes something aquaus

A

when specify molecule or ionic compound is dissolved in water

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13
Q

solutes and solvents form solutions in all three states of matter

A

true

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14
Q

is colloids a minor or major component in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

minor

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15
Q

is medium a minor or major component in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

major

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16
Q

do colloids (minor component) disperse in a medium (major component) or a medium (major component) disperse in a colloid (minor component) in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

colloids (minor component) disperse in a medium (major component)

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17
Q

are colloids are smaller or larger particles in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

larger
- aggregates of molecules or ions, or
- large molecules (proteins, starches)

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18
Q

are mediums smaller or larger particles in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

medium consists of smaller particles (water is common)

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19
Q

colloids are […] in homogeneous colloidal dispersion mixtures

A

opaque

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20
Q

solutions is the smallest in homogeneous solution mixtures

A

yes

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21
Q

is suspension the smallest or largest minor component

A

largest minor component

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22
Q

are particles minor or major components in a suspension heterogeneous mixture

A

minor components

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23
Q

is medium a minor or major component in a suspension heterogeneous mixture

A

major component

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24
Q

does a particle (minor component) suspend in a medium (major component) or does the medium (major component) suspend in a particle (minor component) in a suspension heterogeneous mixture

A

particle (minor component) suspends in a medium (major component)

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25
are particles large and easily separated in a suspension heterogeneous mixture
yes
26
suspensions in a suspension heterogeneous mixtures are phyisically
cloudy and turbid (cant see through them)
27
particles in a suspension heterogeneous mixture are larger than colloidal homogeneous dispersion mixture
true
28
a colloidal dispersion contains colloids, particles that are 1 [...] to 1 [...] in diameter
1 nm to 1micrometer
29
in solution particles of a suspension are larger than
1 micrometer
30
suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures that settle upon [...]
standing
31
pepto-bismol (must be shaken before use) for relief of an upset stomach, is it a solution, colloidal, or suspension
suspension | since it seperates when resting
32
colloid minor components are larger than solute minor components in a solution
true
33
in a solution the particles are less than 1 [...] in diameter
1 nanometer (nm)
34
when a solution forms, the solute particles become surrounded by solvent particles in a process called
solvation
35
when the solvent is water, solutes undergo
hydration
36
do solutes dissolve in solvents with similar or dissimilar polarity
similar
37
does a polar solute and polar solvent covalent compound make soluble or insoluble
soluble
38
does a nonpoar solute or polar solvent make insoluble or soluble
insoluble
39
does a polar solute or a nonpolar solvent make soluble or insoluble
insoluble
40
does a nonpolar solute and a nonpolar solvent make soluble or insoluble
soluble
41
can hydrogen bonds between the solute molecules break
yes
42
When dissolving polar solutes, what happens after the hydrogen bonds between the solute molecules break
new hydrogen bonds form between solute and polar solvent molecules resulting solution is lower in potential energy
43
during solvation (solubility) of a polar covalent compound, hydrogen bonds between polar solutes are [...] and new ones are formed between the solute and solvent molecules
broken
44
in solubility can covalent bonds be broken
no
45
can dispersion forces between the solute molecules break during the dissolving non polar solutes
yes
46
in dissolving non polar solutes new dispersion forces form between solute and
non polar solvent molecules
47
in dissolving non polar solutes is the resulting solution lower or higher in potential energy when the dispersion forces between the solute molecules broke and new formed between the solute and nonpolar molecules
lower
48
can polar and non polar liquids mix
no are immiscible
49
water molecules interact with [...] polar compounds
hydrophilic
50
can water molecules interact with hydrophobic non polar compounds
no, only hydrophilic
51
what happens when two mutually insoluble liquids form
separate, lower-potential-energy layers due to the hydrophobic effect
52
what is saturated solution regarding its solute
maximum amount of solute
53
what is supersaturated solution,
more than the maximum solute, which then forms a precipitate
54
in a solvation of ionic compounds ionic bonds between cations and anions are replaced by
ion-dipole interactions with water
55
in solvation of ionic compounds is an ion dipole interaction is the attraction between an
ion and the opposite partial charges on several water molecules
56
what is the resulting solution higher or lower in potential energy for solvation of ionic compounds
lower
57
ionic compounds dissolved in aqueous solution are [...], which conduct electricity
electrolytes
58
solutes, such as sugar, that do not form ions in solution are
nonelectrolytes
59
when an ionic compound dissolves in water; ionic bonds are broken and [...-...] interactions are formed between each of the separated ions and the opposite partial charges on several water molecules
ion dipole e.g. NaCl (s) + H2O (l) -> Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) CaCl2(s) + H2O (l) -> Ca2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq)
60
are covalent compounds dissolved in solution electrolytes or nonelectrolytes
non electrolytes
61
do water molecules follow high or low concentration of solutes / or ionic compounds in our blood stream
high concentration maintains our blood pressure
62
concentration is the amount of solute in a given...
volume or mass of solution
63
dilute solutions contain more or less solute
less
64
what is the equation to find the concentration since concentration is a ratio
amount of solute ___________________ volume of solution (e.g. L) or amount of solute __________________ mass of solution (e.g. mg)
65
what are the common units of concentration since concentration is a ratio
- mass/volume (m/v) - %mass/volume (%m/v) - moles/liter (M) - equivalents/L (eq. /L)
66
what does (m/v) stand for
mass / volume
67
what does (%m/v) stand for
%mass/volume
68
what does (M) stand for
moles/liter
69
what does (eq./L) stand for
equivalents/L
70
if the quantity is more less than or equal to the quantity of solubility in water how does it classify in terms of saturated unsaturated or over saturated
more - over saturated less - under saturated equal - saturated
71
What is the concentration of mass/volume
Mass of solute ________________ Volume of solution different metric units are used depending on the amount of solute
72
to what power is parts per million ppm
10^6 g/mL x 10^6
73
To what power is parts per billion ppb
10^9 hence; g/mL x 10^9
74
g solute _____________ X100 mL solution
%m/v
75
how to do concentration units
- a %m/v concentration must be calculated from grams of solute and milliliters of solution - the decimal value is then multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage (%) - to use %(m/v) as a conversion factor, first convert it to a m/v ratio
76
To what power of 10 is ppm parts per million
10^6
77
what is the power for micro grams
10^-6
78
M =
molarity
79
What is the formula for finding M, molarity
moles of solute ________________ liters of solution
80
what is the number of solute particles per liter of solution 1.0L of a 1.0M solution in solute particles
6.02 x 10^23 solute particles
81
Dilute solutions use […] concentrations.
millimolar (mM)
82
I mol = […] items
6.02 x 10^23
83
Molar concentration represents the moles of solute per liter of solution, mol/L and has the abbreviation, M.
Yes
84
What is 1 M in mM
1000
85
when wanting to convert mol to mM
multiply by 1,000
86
What is the formula for finding flow rate
Solution volume __________________ Time
87
What is the formula for finding the rate of medicine prescribed
Solute mass (medicine) _______________________ Time
88
a flow rate is the
solution volume per unit that a solution is administered into a vein by IV
89
What is the solution equation to find solution or concentration
C1 x V1 = C2 X V2 stock solution. Needed solution. More concentrated solution . Dilute solution. C = concentration V = volume
90
What is the molar solutions can be stock solutions equation
M1 x V1 = M2 x V2 Stock solution. Needed solution. More concentrated dolution. Dilute solution (less concentrated)
91
Are there different states in solutes and solvents
Yes, in all three states of matter E.g. Solvent Solute Solution Cu(s). Sn(s). Bronze, a metal alloy
92
What is the order of suspension, colloidal, and solution dispersions from smallest to largest particles
Solution Colloidal Suspension
93
Since blood is a suspension, centrifuging whole blood results in
Blood cells and blood plasma
94
What type of dispersion is blood plasma
Colloidal dispersion. Remove the clotting factors and other proteims to get blood serum. Is.
95
What type of dispersion is blood serum
Solution. Containing ions, elements, and molecules dissolved in water
96
When determining solvent or solute, how to determine the solvent and solute when given % or amount
The component in higher amount is the solvent The component with less is the solute
97
What are the type types of homogenous mixtures
Colloidal dispersion and solutions

Chemistry 1003 (12 decks)

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