Chapter 9 & 10 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Lobby / Lobbyist
An interest group organized to influence government decisions, especially legislation. To lobby is to attempt to influence such decisions. A lobbyist is a person attempting to influence government decisions on behalf of the group.
Interest Group
An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy.
Solidary Incentives
The social rewards that lead people to join local or state political organizations. People who find politics fun and want to meet others who share their interests are said to respond to solidary incentives.
Material Incentives
Benefits that have monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of ones membership in an organization.
Purposive Incentives
The benefit that comes from serving a cause or principle from which one does not personally benefit
Ideological Interest Groups
Political organizations that attract members by appealing to their political convictions with coherent sets of controversial principles
Public-Interest Lobby
A political organization that stated goals of which will principally benefit nonmembers.
Grassroots Lobbying
the act of asking the general public to contact legislators and government officials concerning the issue at hand, as opposed to conveying the message to the legislators directly
“Revolving Door”
Employment cycle in which individuals who work for government agencies regulating interests eventually end up working for interest groups or business with the same policy concern.
Pluralist Theory
A theory that competition among all affected interest shapes public policy
Elitist Theory
a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in contemporary society
Hyper-pluralist Theory
Groups are so strong the government is weakened. Hyper=extreme.
Iron Triangles
A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee and an interest group that often becomes a mutually advantageous alliance.
Think Tanks
is an organization that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture
Muckrakers
A journalist who searches through the activities of public officials and organizations seeking to expose conduct contrary to the public interest.
Yellow Journalism
type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.
Libel
A written statement that falsely injures the reputation of another person
Prior Restraint
The tradition view of the press’s free speech rights. According to this view the press is guaranteed freedom from censorship. After publications, however, the government can punish the press for material that is judged libelous or obscene.
The Pentagon Papers
More specifically, the papers revealed that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scale of the Vietnam War with the bombings of nearby Cambodia and Laos, coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, none of which were reported in the mainstream media.[4]
Trial Balloon
Information provided by the media by an anonymous public official as a way of testing the public reaction to a possible policy or appointment
Equal Time Rule
A rule of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stating that if a broadcaster sells time to one candidate for office, he or she must be willing to sell equal time to opposing candidates.
Right-Of-Reply Rule
A rule of the Federal communications Commission (FCC) that if a person is attacked on a broadcast, other than in a regular new program, that person has the right to reply over that same station
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)
established the actual malice standard, which has to be met before press reports about public officials can be considered to be defamation and libel; and hence allowed free reporting of the civil rights campaigns in the southern United States
Federal Communications commission (FCC)
is an independent agency of the United States government, created by Congressional statute to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable
