chapter 9

Question 1

animal plankton

Answer 1

zooplankton

Question 2

things that are planktonic when they are larvae and then they change

Answer 2

meroplankton

Question 3

the vast majority of marine plants are what

Answer 3

one cell green plants

Question 4

what in german refers to animals and animal life

Answer 4

zoo

Question 5

what in greek means to drift; small enough that they go wherever the current goes

Answer 5

planktos

Question 6

generic bivalve molluscs have two valves similar to a

Answer 6

clam or oyster

Question 7

single celled protozoan zooplankton organisms that have spikes that probably help to keep them in shallow water where their food is; they are found more so in oceanic water than coastal water and seem to prefer warm waters

Answer 7

radiolarians

Question 8

protozoans are food for who; these organisms preferred the unicellular prey even in the midst of a phytoplankton bloom

Answer 8

copepods

Question 9

the what on a ciliate surrounds the cell and beats in a wavelike pattern in order to propel itself and swim

Answer 9

cilia

Question 10

the numbers of bacteria in the ocean were underestimated greatly, by about 1000 times over; thee are 7 trophic levels between fish and phytoplankton showing that the oceanic food chain is inefficient

Answer 10

the microbial loop

Question 11

what look similar to shrimp and lobster

Answer 11

planktonic copepods

Question 12

copepods eat what and then are eaten by fish

Answer 12

phytoplankton

Question 13

plankton are the same links in the oceanic food web as what on land; they are the first grazers that are then fed upon by carnivores

Answer 13

insects

Question 14

adult planktona re about the size of a what

Answer 14

sesame seed or flea

Question 15

when using a planktonic net, what determines what scientists will pick up; if you use one too small, diatoms will clog it and make you miss out on catching most of the zooplankton

Answer 15

mesh sizing

Question 16

the average mesh sizing is what? is it usually a trade off between clogging the net and catching the zooplankton

Answer 16

0.2mm

Question 17

the general anatomy of an adult calanoid copepod is as follows: their antennae and legs work like what

Answer 17

oars on a kayak

Question 18

what are the most abundant multicellular animals on the plant because 71 percent of the planet is ocean?

Answer 18

copepods

Question 19

where do copepods exit

Answer 19

throughout the water column

Question 20

copepods feed on what

Answer 20

ciliates and other copepods

Question 21

copepods helps move what from the surface down into the depths of the ocean and helps to stop it from contributing to the greenhouse effect

Answer 21

carbon

Question 22

pod means what

Answer 22

foot

Question 23

cope means what in latin

Answer 23

oar

Question 24

the copepod development cycle has 3 stages:

Answer 24

nauplius larva, copepodite, and adult

Question 25

the nauplius larva section of their development has how many stages

Answer 25

6

Question 26

the copepodite stage of their development has how many substages?

Answer 26

5

Question 27

at each stage, the copepods are losing about what percent of their population; everything is eating them; the smaller and younger ones are eaten at a higher rate than the older ones thats why as you go up the stages, the less and less there are

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

the whole copepod developmental cycle lasts how long

Answer 28

12-14 days

Question 29

others will have a stage where they go down into the depths and what for about a year

Answer 29

hibernate

Question 30

the most common feature of a stage 5 copepodite is what

Answer 30

their well developed eyes

Question 31

stage 5 copepodites are about what in length and are exclusively what

Answer 31

3mm and planktonic

Question 32

krill; abundant in the arctic; stay on the underside of the ice; have exposed gills

Answer 32

euphausiids

Question 33

this whale is highly endangered and highly protected with about 300 of them left; their pregnancies last about 3 years and bc of this they develop too slow to sustain their population; they feed off of copepods; warmer waters have pushed the copepods north and these whales have followed them making them get hit by ships a lot more often

Answer 33

right whales

Question 34

references portugese ships that had 2 decks to seem taller and allow visibility from a distance, they have this sail on their back that gets blown around by the wind and the current; they have tentacles hanging down from them that attacks whatever touches them; this makes them a hard target as food because their toxins are potent; it also helps them feed on small fish by catching them and stinging them

Answer 34

man o' war

Question 35

these creatures are carnivorous and feed on zooplankton

Answer 35

jellyfish

Question 36

not toxic, look white, eat copepods

Answer 36

the mooon jelly

Question 37

not toxic, look white, eat copepods

Answer 37

the moon jelly

Question 38

size of your fist, shaped like a walnut, white colored, bioluminescent and shine blue at night, estrian waters, things like new bedford storm barrier that blocks circulation and these get stuck in the harbor

Answer 38

clenophones

Question 39

arrow worms that have serrated teeth so their prey cant get loose

Answer 39

chaetognaths

Question 40

same category as humans because they have a notochord that turns into a backbone in us

Answer 40

tunicates

Question 41

found in surface waters and art quite small, feed on bacteria; gelatinous housing that if you have a big swarm of them can eat all of the phytoplankton

Answer 41

oikopleura

Question 42

anything that has a backbone or is made out of cartilage starts out as what

Answer 42

a notochord

Question 43

these eat everything; gelatinous zooplankton; fish, seabirds, and sea turtles eat them

Answer 43

salps