Chapter 9

Question 0

DNA is shown usually in what form

Answer 0

Double Helix

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

The nucleotide unit of a DNA molecule has three components. What are they?

Answer 2

A phosphate group, a sugar, & a nitrogen containing base

Question 3

Name the four Base Pairs in DNA

Answer 3

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine

Question 4

DNA is what kind of acid

Answer 4

Nucleic

Question 5

Genes contain instructions to make what?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

An organisms complete set of DNA.

Answer 6

Genome

Question 7

One or more unique pieces of DNA

Answer 7

Chromosomes

Question 8

Humans have how many chromosomes

Answer 8

46 sets 23 pairs. 23 from each parent.

Question 9

A sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a functional product, usually a protein molecule or RNA

Answer 9

Gene

Question 10

Within a species, individuals sometimes have alternate versions of a gene for a given protein. These institutions can result in a different version of the same trait.

Answer 10

Allies

Question 11

How does DNA occur in prokaryotes

Answer 11

Circular

Question 12

How does DNA occur in eukaryotes

Answer 12

Linear strands of DNA called chromosomes

Question 13

Meaning the study of physical inheritance among living things

Answer 13

Genetics

Question 14

What happens in protein synthesis

Answer 14

1: information contained in a length of DNA is transcribed onto a length of messenger RNA
2: the mRNA then exits the cells nucleus and goes to a structure in the cells cytoplasm called ribosome
3: then the mRNA sequences is read and a string of amino acids is put together in the order specified by the sequence. The result is a protein

Question 15

What are the steps in cell division

Answer 15

1: replication-DNA is duplicated.
2: mitosis-the two quantities of DNA are moved to opposite sides of the parent cell.
3: cytokines-the parent cell split into two daughter cells.

Question 16

When DNA replicates what happens

Answer 16

The DNA molecule splits in half to serve as a template for the creation of a second DNA strand

Question 17

A molecular complex, composed of DNA and associated proteins, that makes up the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms

Answer 17

Chromatin

Question 18

What does DNA do during DNA replication

Answer 18

DNA wraps around protein to make chromatin. Then the chromatin folds up to make chromosomes.

Question 19

One of two identical strands of chromatin that make up a chromosome in its duplicated state

Answer 19

Chromatid

Question 20

A given gene found on maternal chromosome one will almost certainly have a counterpart on maternal one. What is this called?

Answer 20

Homologous chromosomes

Question 21

A pictorial arrangement of a complete set of human chromosomes.

Answer 21

Karyotype

Question 22

Why do chromosomes duplicate

Answer 22

It’s a part of cell division

Question 23

The separation of a cells duplicated chromosomes prior to cytokinesis

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

The physical separation of one cell into two daughter cells.

Answer 24

Cytokinesis

Question 25

The repeating pattern of growth, genetic duplication and division seen in most cells.

Answer 25

Cell cycle

Question 26

The portion of the cell cycle in which the cell simultaneously carries out its work and in preparation for division, duplicates it's chromosomes

Answer 26

Interphase

Question 27

The portion of the cell cycle that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 27

Mitosis phase

Question 28

Describe the phases of the cell cycle

Answer 28

1: interphase- the cell replicates it's DNA 2: mitotic phase- Mitosis, to cytokinesis 3: continue

Question 29

Protein fibers that are apart of the cells cytoskeleton or internal fiber network

Answer 29

Microtubules

Question 30

A cellular structure that acts as an organizing center for the assembly of microtubules

Answer 30

Centrosome

Question 31

A physical structure but instead is a plane located midway between the poles of dividing cells

Answer 31

Metaphase plate

Question 32

Microtubules active in cell division are called

Answer 32

Mitotic spindle

Question 33

What is metaphase

Answer 33

Micro tubes attach to sister chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate

Question 34

What's anaphase

Answer 34

Sister chromatids are moved to opposite poles in the cell, each chromatid now becoming a full-fledged chromosome

Question 35

Telophase is

Answer 35

Chromosomes decondense; nuclear envelopes form around the two separate complements of chromosomes.

Question 36

What is a cleavage furrow

Answer 36

The waist of where a cell divides from

Question 37

Binary fusion

Answer 37

Prokaryotic cell division