Chapter 6 Power Points

Question 0

What happens to the telomere as the cell divides

Answer 0

It gets shorter

Question 1

A protective cap at the end of DNA

Answer 1

Telomere

Question 2

What do histones do

Answer 2

Keep the DNA from getting tangled and enable a tight and orderly packing of DNA within a cell

Question 3

How do prokaryotes divide

Answer 3

Binary fusion

Question 4

An exact copy of the cells DNA

Answer 4

Replication

Question 5

Asexual reproduction

Answer 5

Binary fusion, because the daughter cell inherited DNA from a single parent cell

Question 6

Eukaryotic cell cycle

Answer 6

(Interphase) 1: Gap 1, normal cellular function.
(Interphase) 2: DNA Synthesis, begins prep for divison.
(Interphase) 3: Gap 2, second stage of growth
4: mitosis, nucleus divide.
5: cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells.

Question 7

Eukaryotic cell division interphase

Answer 7

1: primary growth, gap 1.
2: cell begins preparation for division, DNA synthesis
3: second growth for cell division, gap 2.

Question 8

When the cell nucleus duplicates and divides

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

When the cell duplicates forming two separate cells

Answer 9

Cytokinesis

Question 10

The process of DNA duplication

Answer 10

Replication

Question 11

The characteristic that in the double stranded DNA molecule the base on one strand always has the same pairing partner on the other strand

Answer 11

Complementarity

Question 12

Adenine pairs with what base

Answer 12

Thymine

Question 13

Thymine pairs with what base

Answer 13

Adenine

Question 14

Guanine pairs with

Answer 14

Cytosine

Question 15

Cytosine pairs with

Answer 15

Guanine

Question 16

Steps in DNA replication

Answer 16

1: unwind
2: rebuilding
3: finished DNA

Question 17

An error that can occur during replication

Answer 17

Mutation

Question 18

What is the purpose for mitosis

Answer 18

To enable cells to generate new genetically identical cells

Question 19

What are the reasons for mitosis

Answer 19

1: Growth
2: Replacement

Question 20

The preplanned process of cell suicide

Answer 20

Apoptosis

Question 21

What type of cells are targeted in apoptosis

Answer 21

Cells lining the digestive tract as well as those in the liver.

Question 22

How does mitosis begin

Answer 22

The parent cell replicates its DNA

Question 23

What are the steps in mitosis

Answer 23

1: the condensing of the chromosomes, which during interphase are all stretched out and stringy.
2: next, all of the duplicated and condensed pairs of chromosomes move to the Center of the cell.
3: each chromosome is pulled apart from its duplicate.
4: and finally, new cell membrane form around each complete set of chromosomes and the cytoplasm duplicates as well.

Question 24

What replicates in preparation of mitosis

Answer 24

Chromosomes

Question 25

During what step do chromosomes duplicate in preparation of mitosis

Answer 25

Interphase

Question 26

Why are chromosomes in an x shape

Answer 26

Each x consists of two identical linear DNA molecules

Question 27

A chromosome and its identical replicated copy, joined at the centromere

Answer 27

Sister chromatids

Question 28

What joins two sister chromatids

Answer 28

Centromere

Question 29

Chromosomes replicate in preparation for mitosis

Answer 29

Interphase

Question 30

Nuclear membrane breaks down, sister chromatids condense, spindle forms

Answer 30

Prophase

Question 31

Sister chromatids line up at the Center of the cell

Answer 31

Metaphase

Question 32

The sister chromatids pairs are pulled apart by spindle fivers. One full set of chromosomes goes to one side of the cell and another identical set goes to the other

Answer 32

Anaphase

Question 33

The chromosomes begin to uncoil as the nuclear membrane reassembles around them. The cell begins to pinch in two.

Answer 33

Telophase

Question 34

Cytoplasm is divided into the two daughter cells

Answer 34

Cytokinesis

Question 35

Cell division that's out of control means

Answer 35

Cancer

Question 36

Large masses of cells

Answer 36

Tumors

Question 37

Unregulated cell division

Answer 37

Tumor growth

Question 38

Features that distinguish cancer cells from normal cells

Answer 38

1: cancer cells have no contact inhibition. 2: cancer cells divide indefinitely 3: cancer cells have reduced stickiness

Question 39

Moles and warts, are just masses of normal cells that do not spread

Answer 39

Benign Tumor

Question 40

Are cancerous, growing continuously and shedding cells

Answer 40

Malignant Tumor

Question 41

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

Answer 41

23 pairs

Question 42

Cells that have two copies of each chromosome

Answer 42

Diploid cells

Question 43

One copy of each chromosomes

Answer 43

Haploid cells

Question 44

A process that enables organisms prior to fertilisation to make special reproductive cells

Answer 44

Meiosis

Question 45

Have only half as many chromosomes as the rest of the cell in the body

Answer 45

Gamestes

Question 46

Cells that have two copies of each chromosome

Answer 46

Diploid

Question 47

Cells that have one copy of each chromosome

Answer 47

Haploid

Question 48

Name two important features of meiosis

Answer 48

1: it reduces the amount of genetic material in gametes. 2: it produces gametes that all differ from each other with respect to the combinations of alleles they carry.

Question 49

What cell starts meiosis

Answer 49

Diploid cells in the gonads

Question 50

Homologous

Answer 50

A single maternal or paternal chromosome.

Question 51

Each strand and its identical duplicate, held together at the centromere

Answer 51

Sister chromatids

Question 52

The two major parts to meiosis

Answer 52

1: the homologises are separated. 2: each of the two new cells divides again, separating the sister chromatids into two even newer cells.

Question 53

Prophase

Answer 53

1: replicated chromosomes condense. 2: spindle is formed 3: homologous pairs of sister chromatids come together and cross over 4: nuclear membrane disintegrates

Question 54

Metaphase

Answer 54

Homologues move towards the Center of the cell and line up.

Question 55

Anaphase

Answer 55

Homologues separate and are pulled to opposite poles. Sister chromatids going to each side are a mix of maternal and paternal genetic material.

Question 56

Telophase

Answer 56

Sister chromatids arrive at the cell poles and the nuclear membrane reassembles around them.

Question 57

Cytokinesis

Answer 57

The cell pinches into two daughter cells. Chromosomes may unwind slightly.

Question 58

Prophase 2

Answer 58

Chromosomes in daughter cells condense. Spindles form.

Question 59

What is the outcome of meiosis

Answer 59

The creation of four haploid daughter cells, each with just one set of chromosomes which contains a come felt unique combination of traits.

Question 60

What happens when chromosomes cross over

Answer 60

Creates new combinations of alleles on a chromatid

Question 61

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 61

Sexual reproduction leads to offspring that are all genetically different from each other and from their parents in three different ways. 1: combining alleles from two parents at fertilisation. 2: crossing over during the production of gametes. 3: shuffling and re-assortment of homologises during meiosis.

Question 62

Name the three reproductive advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 62

1: combing alleles from two parents at fertilization. 2: crossing over during the production of gametes. 3: shuffling and reassortment of homologues during meiosis.

Question 63

What parent determines the sex of the baby

Answer 63

Father

Question 64

What determines sex

Answer 64

Sex chromosomes inherited from the parents. Carried by the sperm.

Question 65

Display of complete chromosome set

Answer 65

Karyotype

Question 66

The first step obtaining cells to prepare a Karyotype is relatively easy in an adult or child. Usually cells are collected from a small blood sample.

Answer 66

Amniocentesis

Question 67

Tissue removed from the placenta. Because the fetus and placenta both develop from the same fertilized egg, their cells contain the same genetic composition. Can be done several weeks earlier in the pregnancy between the 10th and 12th weeks

Answer 67

Chronic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 68

Unequal distribution of chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer 68

Nondisjunction

Question 69

Short height, web on skin between neck and shoulders, often sterile.

Answer 69

Turner syndrome: x_

Question 70

Underdeveloped testes, infertile, developes some female features, slightly taller than average

Answer 70

Klinefelter syndrome: xxy