chapter 9

Question 1

the Continental army officers formed an exclusive hereditary order called the

Answer 1

society of cincinatti

Question 2

virginia statue for religious freedom: created in 1786 by

Answer 2

Thomas Jefferson and his fellow reformers

Question 3

Virginia statue for religious freedom stated that religion should not be imposed on

Answer 3

anybody and that each person decided his/ her own faith

Question 4

the philadelphia quakers founded the first

Answer 4

anti-slavery society in 1775

Question 5

the 1st continental congress called for the complete

Answer 5

abolition of the slave trade in 1774

Question 6

several northern states went further and either completely abolished slavery or

Answer 6

provided the gradual emancipation of slaves

Question 7

no states south of pennsylvania

Answer 7

abolished slavery

Question 8

civic virtue: the idea that democracy depended on the unselfish

Answer 8

commitment of each citizen to the public good

Question 9

republican motherhood: the idea that the mother was selflessly

Answer 9

devoted to her family;

Question 10

republican motherhood was described as the model of a

Answer 10

proper republican mother

Question 11

in 1776, the 2nd continental congress called the

Answer 11

colonies to draft new constitutions

Question 12

massachusetts called a special convention to draft its

Answer 12

constitution and then submitted the final draft to the people

Question 13

as written documents, the state constitutions were intended to represent a

Answer 13

fundamental law, superior to the short-lived impulses of ordinary legislation

Question 14

in the revolutionary era, the capitals of New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were all

Answer 14

moved westward

Question 15

economic democracy preceded

Answer 15

political democracy

Question 16

after gaining its independence, the United States had limited

Answer 16

trade with Britain, so it had to start making more products “in-house”

Question 17

the post-war economy was not very good, and many

Answer 17

americans were poorer after the war

Question 18

shortly before declaring independence in 1776, the second continental congress appointed a committee to

Answer 18

draft a constitution for the nation→Articles of Confederation

Question 19

Articles were adopted by Congress in 1777 and it convinced France that America had a

Answer 19

genuine government

Question 20

the Articles of Confederation wasn’t ratified by all 18 colonies until

Answer 20

1781

Question 21

the 13 colonies were joined together for joint action in dealing with common problems such as

Answer 21

foreign affairs

Question 22

land ordinance of 1785: stated that the acreage of the Old Northwest should be sold and the proceeds should be

Answer 22

used to help pay off the national debt

Question 23

northwest ordinance of 1787: a uniform national land policy; created the Northwest Territories and gave the land to the

Answer 23

government, the land could then be purchased by individuals

Question 24

northwest ordinance (continued): when a territory had 60,000 people, it might be admitted by Congress as a

Answer 24

state, with all the privileges of the 13 other states

Question 25

britain declined to make any commercial treaty with the colonies or to

Answer 25

repeal its navigation laws

Question 26

lord sheffield argued in his pamphlet that britain could win back

Answer 26

america's trade without repealing the navigation laws

Question 27

the british remained in the americas where they maintained their

Answer 27

fur trade with the indians

Question 28

the american states did not honor the treaty of peace in regard to

Answer 28

debts and loyalists

Question 29

the british primarily stayed because they wanted to keep the indians on their side in case

Answer 29

the americans decided to attack canada

Question 30

spain was openly

Answer 30

unfriendly to the americans

Question 31

spain closed off the mississippi river to

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commerce in 1784

Question 32

shay's rebellion: impoverished back-country farmers, who were losing their farms, attempted to enforce their demands of

Answer 32

cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and a suspension of property takeovers

Question 33

shays's rebellion was crushed but it led to changes in

Answer 33

laws

Question 34

in 1786, virginia called for a convention at annapolis to deal with the issue of

Answer 34

interstate commerce

Question 35

alexander hamilton saved the convention from collapsing since delegates from

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only 5 states showed up

Question 36

hamilton called congress to meet in philadelphia the next year to fix the

Answer 36

entire fabric of the articles of confederation

Question 37

alexander hamilton was an advocate of a

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strong central gov

Question 38

on may 35, 1787 55 delegates from every state except for rhode island were sent to philadelphia to discuss

Answer 38

how the government should operate

Question 39

george washington was elected as the

Answer 39

leader of the constitutional convention

Question 40

the delegates hoped to preserve revolutionary ideals and make it into a

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strong political structure

Question 41

virginia plan was the first suggested framework of

Answer 41

the constitution

Question 42

virginia plan stated that state's representation in congress should be based upon

Answer 42

state's population

Question 43

new jersey plan centered on equal representation in

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congress without regards to state's size or population

Question 44

new constitution called for the end of the slave trade by the end of

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1807

Question 45

all new state constitutions except georgia's forbade

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overseas slave trade

Question 46

constitution grew out of common law in which it is unnecessary to be

Answer 46

specific about every detail

Question 47

members of the constitutional convention agreed

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economically and politically

Question 48

anti-federalists were led by samuel adams,

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patrick henry, and richard henry lee

Question 49

anti-feds mostly consisted of the

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poorest classes

Question 50

federalists led by

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washington and ranklin

Question 51

overall, the federalists were wealthier, more

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educated and better organized than anti-feds and controlled press

Question 52

4 laggard states:

Answer 52

virginia, new york, north carolina, rhode island

Question 53

rhode island and nc were the last states to ratify the constitution, and they did so only after

Answer 53

the government had been in operation for a few months

Question 54

4 states didn't want to ratify, but they couldn't

Answer 54

safely exist as the only states who didnt

Question 55

founders believed that every branch effectively

Answer 55

represented the people