study guide Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
(Daniel Shays) a veteran of the
A
Revolution
2
Q
(Daniel Shays) believed that he was fighting anew against
A
tyranny
3
Q
(Daniel Shays) led Shays’
A
Rebellion, condemned to death but was later pardoned
4
Q
(Land Ordinance of 1785) provided for the sale of land in the old northwest and
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earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt
5
Q
(three-fifths compromise) determined that each slave would be counted as
A
three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation
6
Q
(three-fifths compromise) the compromise granted disproportionate
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political power to southern slave states
7
Q
(northwest ordinance of 1787) created a policy for administering the
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northwest territories
8
Q
(northwest ordinance of 1787) it included a path to
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statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories
9
Q
(The Whiskey Rebellion) popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern
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Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on whiskey
10
Q
(The Whiskey Rebellion) in a show of strength and resolve by the new central gov, Washington
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put down the rebellion with militia drawn from several states
11
Q
(Judiciary Act of 1789) organized the federal legal system, establishing the
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supreme court, federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general
12
Q
(Bank of the United States) chartered by congress as part of
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alexander hamilton’s financial program
13
Q
(Bank of the United States) the bank printed paper
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money and served as a depository for Treasury funds
14
Q
(Bank of the United States) it drew opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans who argued
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that the bank was unconstitutional
15
Q
(Jay’s Treaty) negotiated by chief justice john jay in an effort to
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avoid war with Britain
16
Q
(Jay’s Treaty) the treaty included a British promise to evacuate
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outposts on U.S. soil and pay damages for seized American vessels
17
Q
(Jay’s Treaty) british promise was in exchange for which Jay bound the United States to repay
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pre-Revolutionary war debts and to abide by Britain’s restrictive trading policies toward France
18
Q
(Revolution of 1800) electoral victory of democratic republicans over the federalists, who lost their
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congressional majority and the presidency
19
Q
(Revolution of 1800) the peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified
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faith in America’s political system
20
Q
(Judiciary Act of 1801) passed by the departing federalist congress, it created sixteen new
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federal judgeships ensuring a federalist hold on the judiciary
21
Q
(Louisiana Purchase) acquisition of louisiana territory from
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france
22
Q
(Louisiana Purchase) the purchase more than doubled the —- of the United States, opening…
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territory; vast tracts for settlement
23
Q
(Louisiana Purchase) was a secret
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dealing
24
Q
(Louisiana Purchase) showed that America was stronger and more
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powerful; encouraged western expansion
25
(Louisiana Purchase) jefferson didn't follow strict
interpretation of the constitution
26
(Embargo Act) enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of
all goods from the United States to any foreign port
27
(Embargo Act) the embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting
the European targets and was therefore repealed in 1809
28
(Embargo Act) significance: we didn't need to fight to show that we
had dominance; strained economy
29
(battle of tippecanoe) resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief
Tenskwatawa "the Prophet" at the hands of William Henry Harrision in the Indiana wilderness
30
(battle of tippecanoe) After the battle, Prophet's brother, Tecumseh, forged an
alliance with the British against the United States
31
(battle of tippecanoe) significance: show strife between americans and
indians→indians allied with our enemy
32
(battle of tippecanoe) significance: Harrison is known as a
god-like official because of Tippecanoe
33
(Battle of new Orleans) resounding victory of American forces against the
British, restoring American confidence and fueling outpouring of nationalism
34
(Battle of new Orleans) led to confidence, nationalism, and established
Jackson as a hero
35
(American system) henry clay's three-pronged system to promote
American industry
36
(American system) clay advocated a strong
banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network
37
(tallmadge amendment) failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into
Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation
38
(tallmadge amendment) southerners vehemently opposed the amendment, which they perceived as a
threat to the sectional balance between North and south
39
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) property-holding requirements for
voting were reduced
40
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) ordinary people gained titles that used to be reserved for
high-class citizens
41
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) servitude was
unknown
42
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) employers were called boss instead of
master
43
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) the institution of slavery was
challenged
44
(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) separation of church and
state
45
(What distinguishes constitutions in America from a constitution in the British tradition) in britain constitutions are not written, but instead, they are
the combination of laws customs and precedents
46
(What distinguishes constitutions in America from a constitution in the British tradition) in america, however, constitutions were contracts that defined
governmental authority and drew their power from the people, instead of a king
47
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) there was no
executive branch
48
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) judicial power was left to
states
49
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress was
weak
50
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) states didn't want to give any power to
an American parliament
51
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress couldn't regulate trade, leading to conflicting laws concerning
tariffs and navigation from the states
52
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress couldn't enforce the
tax-collection program
53
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn't command
control from states
54
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn't act directly on
individuals
55
(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn't secure itself against
indignities
56
(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) foreign relations in america were
troubled
57
(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) pirates were ravaging America's
commerce and enslaving American sailors
58
(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) economic issues regarding system of
raising money
59
(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) shays's rebellion: massachusetts farmers
led a rebellion due to the loss of their farms
60
(What compromises were required to produce the Constitution) Great Compromise: larger states given representation by
population in the House, smaller states given equal representation in the senate
three-fifths compromise
61
(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) they opposed the
stronger federal government
62
(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) saw it as a plot to steal the
power back from the common people
63
(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) considered it to be antidemocratic and thought it would
override state sovereignty
64
(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) state conventions, nine states had to
ratify
65
(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) small states accepted the Constitution, considering it to be better than
they expected
66
(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) to win over other states, the Federalists used the
federalist papers which served as commentary on the Constitution
67
(What important protections were added to the Constitution in the Bill of Rights) it protected the American principles of
freedom of religion, speech and the press
right to bear arms and trial by jury
right to assemble and petition the gov. for redress of grievances
prohibited cruel and unusual punishment and arbitrary seizure of private property
68
(What were the components of Hamilton's economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) he wanted to strengthen national
credit, wanted national debt and a national bank
69
(What were the components of Hamilton's economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) his plan was to shape the policies of the administration to
favor wealthier groups
70
(What were the components of Hamilton's economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) components: funding at par→government would pay off
debts at face value
71
(What were the components of Hamilton's economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) assumption→state debts would be regarded as
national obligation
72
(What were the components of Hamilton's economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) tariffs, excise tax, Bank
of the United States
73
(What two constitutional theories were presented by Jefferson and Hamilton when Washington asked about the constitutionality of creating a national bank) jefferson stated that the Constitution gave no specific authorization for a
financial octopus, thus states were the only ones that had power to charter bans since all powers that aren't specifically granted to central gov were reserved to states
74
(What two constitutional theories were presented by Jefferson and Hamilton when Washington asked about the constitutionality of creating a national bank) hamilton stated that the constitution permits what it does not
forbid→invoked the necessary and proper clause→gov was specifically empowered to collect taxes and regulate commerce
75
(Why did Washington opt for neutrality during the French Revolution) Washington opted for neutrality because the U.S. was militarily and economically
weak and politically disunited
76
(Why did Washington opt for neutrality during the French Revolution) washington believed that if America could avoid war with Europe for a while, it would be
populous and powerful enough to assert its rights with strength and success
77
(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay's Treaty) Jay's Treaty caused Spain to strike a
deal with the U.S.
78
(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay's Treaty) Pinckney's Treaty granted Americans essentially everything they wanted which included
free navigation of the Mississippi, right of deposit at New Orleans, and large territory of western Florida
79
(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay's Treaty) Jay's treaty vitalized the
Democratic- Republican party
80
(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay's Treaty) Jay's Treaty caused southern planters to have to pay
pre-Revolutionary war debts
81
(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson's proposed remedy) responding to the
alien and sedition acts
82
(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson's proposed remedy) jefferson secretly created a list of
resolutions, approved by the kentucky legislature
83
(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson's proposed remedy) jefferson's resolutions stressed the
compact theory
84
(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson's proposed remedy) compact theory→the states, through creating the federal government, entered into a contract concerning its
jurisdiction
85
(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson's proposed remedy) compact theory continued: the national gov was an agent of the
states and therefore the states were the final judges of whether the gov was overstepping its authority
86
(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) adams tried to reach an agreement with the French, appoin..
appointing a diplomatic commission
87
(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) this commission, with John Marshall as one of the diplomats, met with three
go-betweens who tried to bribe them→XYZ affair
88
(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) commission returned to the U.S., refusing to
comply with the bribes
89
(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) the democrats would likely support hamiltonian federalists because the
federalists advocated a strong central government
90
(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) republicans would likely support jeffersonian republicans because they demanded a weak
central government, and Republicans hold that ideal
91
(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) federalists advocated strong central government and rule by the
best people, also believed that gov should support but not interfere with private enterprise
92
(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) republicans advocated weak central gov and believed that there shouldn't be
```
any special privileges that come with class
advocated rule of the people
```
93
(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) battle of the thames→
redcoats were overtaken by general harrison's army and were beaten
94
(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) Battle at Plattsburgh→
thomas macdonough confronted the british with a "fresh broadside" and defeated them
95
(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) battle of new orleans→
american victory; andrew jackson became a national hero
96
(in what ways did nationalism, inspired by the war of 1812, manifest itself) birth of national literature→
Washiington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, school textbooks written by Americans, North American Review
97
(in what ways did nationalism, inspired by the war of 1812, manifest itself) American
painters, Bank of the United States revived, handsome national capitol, army expanded
98
(How did Henry Clay's American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) plan for creating a
profitable economy
99
(How did Henry Clay's American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) banking system:
easy and abundant credit
100
(How did Henry Clay's American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) protective tariff: allow eastern
manufacturing to be successful
101
(How did Henry Clay's American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) network of roads and canals: transport raw materials
across the nation
102
(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) missouri wanted to be admitted as a
slave state, but Tallmadge Amendment was passed and southerners were enraged
103
(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) missouri as a slave state would cause an issue in the senate regarding
representation of free and slave states
104
(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) there was concern over whether slavery would be able to
thrive or not
105
(How did Chief Justice John Marshall's Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution's economic provisions) McCullough v. Maryland:he strengthened federal power through denying
Maryland's right to tax the Bank
106
(How did Chief Justice John Marshall's Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution's economic provisions) Cohens v. Virginia: strengthened federal authority by asserting Supreme Court right to
review the decisions of state supreme courts in all questions involving the powers of the federal gov
107
(How did Chief Justice John Marshall's Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution's economic provisions) Gibbons v. Ogden: blow to states' rights by reminding NY that Congress alone had
authority of interstate trade
108
(What motivated the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and what were its main assertions) European monarchs were attempting to get rid of the
democratic revolutions that sprouted up
109
(What motivated the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and what were its main assertions) monroe asserted:
colonization in Americas was over
| No European intervention→ intervention would be considered threat to U.S
