Chapter 9

Question 1

Name the first phase of the cell cycle and what it includes

Answer 1

G1 and G0, S, G2

Question 2

An orderly set of stages that takes place between the time a eukaryotic cell divides and the time the resulting daughter cells also divide is

Answer 2

Cell cycle

Question 3

Mitotic stage which is the second part of the cell cycle includes

Answer 3

Prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis (which occurs the same as anaphase and telophase)

Question 4

Neoplasm is

Answer 4

Abnormal growth of cells

Question 5

Characteristics of cancer cells

Answer 5

Lack differentiation, are immortal, have abnormal nuclei, don’t undergo apoptosis, lack contact inhibition, are invasive, and undergo metagenesis and angiogenesis

Question 6

Examples of cells in G0 that do not finish the cell cycle because they don’t divide to produce daughter cells are

Answer 6

Neurons and muscle cell

Question 7

Cell is actively preparing for mitosis, needs twice as many organelles, and spends most of its time in

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

The cell will need twice as much dna, Dna replication produces another complete set of chromosomes

Answer 8

S stage or synthesis stage

Question 9

Chromatin loosely coiled DNA and some organizational proteins is

Answer 9

Euchromatin

Question 10

Explain G1 checkpoint

Answer 10

Control mechanisms will stop the cell cycle here, DNA damage is a signal to stop the cell cycle

Question 11

During s phase, the double stranded dna replicates and the chromatin condenses to become the tightly coiled dna in chromosomes is

Answer 11

Heterochromatin

Question 12

An important stop signal to for the G1 checkpoint, and can cause the cell to undergo the process of apoptosis

Answer 12

P53

Question 13

If dna replication did not occur correctly, the cell cycle can be stopped here

Answer 13

G2 checkpoint

Question 14

Programmed cell death

Answer 14

Apoptosis

Question 15

Proteins that form a core for DNA to wrap around

Answer 15

Histones

Question 16

Nucleosome is

Answer 16

DNA wrapped around the core

Question 17

The cell synthesized proteins that are needed for cell division-microtubules are an important example of needed proteins. Spindle fibers are microtubules that were constructed by the centrosome. What stage is this

Answer 17

G2 stage

Question 18

Name the phases of mitosis

Answer 18

Prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 19

Necessary during development so the body can reorganize the shape of tissues and organs, and allows the cell to fragment into membrane bound pieces that are less dangerous to the organism and easier to clean up

Answer 19

Apoptosis

Question 20

Daughter cells are reforming the nuclear membrane, nucleoli reappear, chromosome uncoil to become chromatin, opposite of prophase and cells get ready for interphase activities is the description of

Answer 20

Telophase

Question 21

Chromosomes align at the center of the cell this is now the ______ _______.

Answer 21

Metaphase plate

Question 22

Centrosomes are at the poles of the cell occurs during

Answer 22

Metaphase

Question 23

Describe Anaphase

Answer 23

Sister chromatids are separated at the centromere and are pulled to the opposite side of the cell

Question 24

The kinetochore of each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber, chromosomes are moving to the center of the cell is part of

Answer 24

Late prometaphase

Question 25

Centrosome have duplicated and began to migrate to the poles of the cell. Nuclear envelope breaking into filaments, chromatin condensing to chromosomes. This is

Answer 25

Early prophase

Question 26

Centrosome are closer to the poles, nucleolus disappears, spindle fibers are forming and this is

Answer 26

Mid prophase

Question 27

Pair of barrel shaped organelles

Answer 27

Centrioles

Question 28

Array of short microtubules

Answer 28

Asters

Question 29

______ (body) cells undergo mitosis and cytokinesis for development, growth, and repair.

Answer 29

Somatic

Question 30

Two sets of chromosomes of each type and found in all the non-sex cells of an organism's body. Ex: crayfish 200 humans 46

Answer 30

diploid number

Question 31

Microtubules are made of the protein

Answer 31

Tubulin

Question 32

Indents the plasma membrane between the two daughter nuclei, and deepens as band of actin filaments constricts between the two daughter cells

Answer 32

Cleavage furrow

Question 33

Found in sex cells and contains one of each kind chromosome is ______ ______. An example of this

Answer 33

Haploid number | ex: crayfish 100 or humans 23

Question 34

Explain the mitotic spindle

Answer 34

Pulls apart the sister chromatids, made of microtubules, organized by centrosomes, organized by centrosomes (microtubules organizing center, divide before mitosis begins-so daughter cells each receive one, contains centrioles and aster in animal cells)

Question 35

Plant in meristematic tissue in tips of roots and shoots of stems retains ability to divide throughout life, stages are exactly the same as in animal cells, have centrosome and spindle but no formation of centrioles or asters is

Answer 35

Mitosis in plant cells

Question 36

Agents that cause cancer

Answer 36

Radiation-U-V light & X-Rays Organic chemicals-tobacco smoke, pesticides Certain viruses

Question 37

When metastasis spreads new tumors distant from the primary tumor

Answer 37

Malignancy

Question 38

Proteins coded for directly and indirectly stimulate the cell cycle and is likened to an accelerator

Answer 38

Proto-oncogenes

Question 39

When mutated and cancer causing

Answer 39

Oncogene

Question 40

Disorganized (anaplasia) but encapsulated, and does not invade adjacent tissue

Answer 40

Benign

Question 41

Proteins coded for directly, inhibit cell cycle, if mutated cell division unchecked, also liked to brakes

Answer 41

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 42

Include bacteria and archaea, lack a nucleus, lack other membranous organelles is

Answer 42

Prokaryotic cell structure

Question 43

Contains DNA and associated proteins, in nucleotide region, shape when stretched out is

Answer 43

Prokaryotic chromosome

Question 44

When cell is approximately twice its original length, the plasma membrane grows inward: a new cell wall forms, dividing the cell into approximately equal daughter cells is

Answer 44

Completing binary fission

Question 45

Get shorter with each cell division and signal senescence

Answer 45

Telomeres

Question 46

An enzyme that keeps telomeres and is active in cancer

Answer 46

Telomerase