Chapter 9 - The Digestive System - REVISION

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Digestion is the breakdown of food into components which can be used within the body.

Question 2

What two ways does digestion occur in?

Answer 2

Digestion occurs in two ways: mechanical and chemical.

Question 3

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.

Question 4

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 4

Chemical digestion is the chemical breakdown of food by substances known as enzymes.

Question 5

What part of the body does chemical and mechanical digestion first occur?

Answer 5

The mouth.

Question 6

What is the first stage of the digestive process?

Answer 6

Ingestion

Question 7

What is ingestion

Answer 7

Ingestion is the intake of food into the mouth where it is chewed and swallowed.

Question 8

Where does the initial stages of digestion take place? with the aid of what?

Answer 8

The mouth, with the aid of the teeth, tongue and salivary glands.

Question 9

What stage of the digestive process does mechanical and chemical digestion take place first?

Answer 9

Ingestion.

Question 10

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

Answer 10

Mechanical digestion begins with the teeth.

Question 11

What are teeth used for in the first stages of what?

Answer 11

Teeth are used in the first stages of digestion to break up food into smaller pieces by tearing, crushing and grinding it.

Question 12

What are the four types of tooth?

Answer 12

Incisor, Canine, Premolar and Molar.

Question 13

What is related to the diet of the animal?

Answer 13

The number and type of teeth present in an animal’s mouth is related to the diet of the animal.

Question 14

Define Incisors

Answer 14

Chisel-like teeth used for cutting and biting.

Question 15

Define Canines

Answer 15

Pointed and sharp teeth used for tearing food.

Question 16

Define Premolar

Answer 16

Relatively flat teeth used for grinding.

Question 17

Define Molar

Answer 17

Flat teeth used for crushing food.

Question 18

Be able to draw the LS of a tooth (pg 109)

Answer 18

Read

Question 19

What do Herbivores eat?

Answer 19

Herbivores eat plant materials only.

Question 20

What do herbivores use their molars and premolars for?

Answer 20

Crushing and grinding material such as grass.

Question 21

Name 3 Herbivores

Answer 21

Cattle, Sheep and Horses.

Question 22

What do Carnivores eat?

Answer 22

Carnivores eat meat.

Question 23

What do carnivores use for tearing what?

Answer 23

Carnivores use their canine teeth for tearing flesh.

Question 24

What do Omnivores eat? Give an example of an omnivore.

Answer 24

Omnivores eat both plant material and meat. Pigs are an example of an omnivore.

Question 25

_____ do not have a specialised _____ but use all the types of _____ listed to aid _____ of a variety of foods.

Answer 25

Omnivores do not have a specialised dentition but use all the types of teeth listed to aid digestion of a variety of foods.

Question 26

What is the dental formula of a pig?

Answer 26

I:3/3 C:1/1 P:4/4 M:3/3

Question 27

How many teeth does a pig have?

Answer 27

44 teeth.

Question 28

How many teeth does a pig have on its upper jaw?

Answer 28

22 teeth.

Question 29

How many teeth does a pig have on its lower jaw?

Answer 29

22 teeth.

Question 30

What is the dental formula of a herbivore (cow, sheep or goat)

Answer 30

I:0/3 C:0/1 P:3/3 M3/3

Question 31

What is the dental formula for a sheep?

Answer 31

I:0/4 C:0/0 P:3/3 M:3/3

Question 32

What is the diastema ?

Answer 32

The gap between the front teeth and the premolars is known as diastema.

Question 33

What can the diastema do?

Answer 33

It can store ingested material while the animal is chewing.

Question 34

Draw sheep dentition diagram

Answer 34

Read

Question 35

What, in sheep, is very similar to an incisor and may be considered an incisor ?

Answer 35

The canine tooth

Question 36

What is dentition

Answer 36

The arrangement of teeth in a particular individual or species.

Question 37

How many pairs of salivary glands does the mouth have?

Answer 37

The mouth has three pairs of salivary glands.

Question 38

In the monograstric animal (e.g. pigs), what does the salivary glands secrete ?

Answer 38

In the monogastric animal, the salivary glands secrete an enzyme called amylase.

Question 39

What does the amylase do?

Answer 39

The amylase breaks down starch to maltose.

Question 40

How can food be more broken down chemically by amylase?

Answer 40

The more the food is chewed by the teeth, the more it can be broken down chemically by amylase.

Question 41

What is the secondary function of saliva? What digestive systems does this take place in?

Answer 41

Saliva has a seconday function as a lubricant which wets the food and makes it easier to chew and swallow. This takes place in the monogastric and ruminant digestive systems.

Question 42

Where is food passed when swallowed.

Answer 42

Food is passed to the oesophagus when swallowed.

Question 43

How is food prevented from entering the Trachea?

Answer 43

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the epiglottis.

Question 44

How is food moved to the stomach along the oesophagus.

Answer 44

Food is moved to the stomach along the oesophagus by peristalsis

Question 45

What is peristalsis

Answer 45

food entering the oesophagus is moved along to the stomach by muscular contractions, which have a rhythmic, wave-like motion.

Question 46

Draw the ruminant digestive system

Answer 46

Read

Question 47

Name two ruminant herbivores

Answer 47

Cattle and sheep are 2 ruminant herbivores.

Question 48

Name the four chambers of the ruminant stomach.

Answer 48

The rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum.

Question 49

What does the ruminant stomach allow?

Answer 49

The digestion of the complex carbohydrate cellulose which is found in grass, the main contituent of their diet.

Question 50

What is the main constituent of a ruminant animal's diet?

Answer 50

Grass.