Chapter Conducting Fitness Assessments

Question 1

1 When conducting fitness assessments for a weight loss client, the Weight Loss Specialist should do which of the following?
Consider limiting movements that require overweight or obese clients to get on and off the ground.
Wait for a medical clearance before any physical assessments are done.
Avoid any modifications to assessments to keep all measures valid.
Assume that overweight and obese clients are not comfortable with physical assessments.

Answer 1

Consider limiting movements that require overweight or obese clients to get on and off the ground.

Question 2

2 When determining which fitness assessments to conduct, which of the following would be an example of a relevant assessment?
Assessing anaerobic power for an obese client who wants to lose weight
Assessing lower body muscular endurance for a client who has arthritis in the knees and hips
Assessing strength for a client who has a goal of improving health
Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness for a client who has a long-term goal of running a 5K race

Answer 2

Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness for a client who has a long-term goal of running a 5K race

Question 3

3 If an assessment produces consistent and repeatable results it is said to be which of the following?
Appropriate
Valid
Relevant
Reliable

Answer 3

Reliable

Question 4

4 When monitored over time, which of the following variables helps to identify cardiovascular adaptations, such as becoming more fit, or regressions, such as deconditioning?
Body mass index
Body fat percent
Resting heart rate
Waist-to-hip ratio

Answer 4

Resting heart rate

Question 5

5 Increased resting heart rate is associated with an increase in which variable?
Body mass index
Waist circumference
Body weight
VO2max

Answer 5

Body mass index

Question 6

6 Which term describes the pressure on the arteries during the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?
Systolic blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
Pulse pressure

Answer 6

Systolic blood pressure

Question 7

7 hich blood pressure result would indicate Stage 2 Hypertension and require medical monitoring?
Systolic blood pressure ≤ 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80 mmHg
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg

Answer 7

Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg

Question 8

8 Steve is a new client and his blood pressure was recorded as 144/82, what should be done next?
Proceed with the remaining assessments and retake blood pressure before Steve leaves.
Immediately stop the appointment and have Steve obtain a medical clearance.
Have Steve remain seated and rest for another minute and then take the read again to confirm the results.
Let Steve know that his blood pressure is a little high but probably nothing to worry about.

Answer 8

Have Steve remain seated and rest for another minute and then take the read again to confirm the results.

Question 9

9 Which of the following is the most appropriate anthropometric assessment for overweight and obese individuals?
Body mass index
Resting heart rate
Blood pressure
Skinfold measurements

Answer 9

Body mass index

Question 10

10 Body mass index is determined by which of the following variables?
Waist circumference (cm) ÷ Hip circumference (cm)
Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m2)
Sum of three-site skinfold measurements
Waist circumference (cm) ÷ Height (m2)

Answer 10

Weight (kg) ÷ Height (m2)

Question 11

11 Which term describes when a person has an “apple” shape that is characterized as having more fat within the abdominal region?
Hominoid
Android
Anthropomorphic
Gynoid

Answer 11

Android

Question 12

12 When working with an obese client, which of the following may cause circumference measurement errors?
The inability to identify anatomical landmarks
Not having calibrated skinfold calipers
Using a standard physician’s scale
Using a free-standing stadiometer

Answer 12

The inability to identify anatomical landmarks

Question 13

13 When waist circumference is used as a method to assess health risk, which values indicate a high risk for cardiovascular disease or diabetes?
Men with a waist circumference ≥ 40 cm and women with a waist circumference ≥ 35 cm
Men with a waist circumference ≥ 100 cm and women with a waist circumference ≥ 88 cm
Men with a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and women with a waist circumference ≥ 68 cm
Men with a waist circumference ≥ 88 cm and women with a waist circumference ≥ 100 cm

Answer 13

Men with a waist circumference ≥ 100 cm and women with a waist circumference ≥ 88 cm

Question 14

14 Which of the following is a reason to calculate waist-to-hip ratio?
It is a commonly used tool to assess health risk by defining body shape.
It can be used to predict body fat percent.
It is a criteria for whether a medical clearance is required.
It is more accurate than BMI for classifying obesity.

Answer 14

It is a commonly used tool to assess health risk by defining body shape.

Question 15

15 Which of the following can adversely effect a bioelectrical impedance analysis?
If the client is dehydrated for any reason
If the client has been fasting for more than 4 hours
If the client does the assessment in the evening
If the client has abstained from exercise for 4 or more hours

Answer 15

If the client is dehydrated for any reason

Question 16

16 Which term describes the positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is standing still?
Balanced posture
Activating posture
Dynamic posture
Static posture

Answer 16

Static posture

Question 17

17 When assessing the posture of an obese client, which challenge should the Weight Loss Specialist be aware of?
If anatomical landmarks cannot be identified, then the assessment may be inaccurate.
Most imbalances will naturally correct with proper weight loss.
Muscle imbalances are not a concern with new weight loss clients.
Obese individuals cannot stand in a neutral position.

Answer 17

If anatomical landmarks cannot be identified, then the assessment may be inaccurate.

Question 18

18 The kinetic chain checkpoints include which of the following?
Foot, calf, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, torso, and head/neck
Foot/ankle, knee, lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and cervical spine
Ankle, knee, upper thigh, abdomen, and head
Foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head/neck

Answer 18

Foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head/neck

Question 19

19 Which distortion pattern is characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips?
Upper-crossed syndrome
Inferior antagonist syndrome
Pes planus distortion syndrome
Lower-crossed syndrome

Answer 19

Pes planus distortion syndrome

Question 20

20 Which distortion pattern is characterized by anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine?
Lower-crossed syndrome
Upper-crossed syndrome
Pes planus distortion syndrome
Superior agonist syndrome

Answer 20

Lower-crossed syndrome

Question 21

21 Vanessa is 5’10” and weighs 195 pounds. Her movement assessment revealed several deviations from optimal patterns. What should the Weight Loss Specialist tell her about the findings?
That these assessments are used to identify whenever a movement differs from an ideal pattern and helps inform programming decisions
That any postural deviation is considered a serious movement impairment
That any deviations from normal patterns can be a sign of significant dysfunction
That she should follow up with a physical therapist or physician to obtain a medical clearance to continue

Answer 21

That these assessments are used to identify whenever a movement differs from an ideal pattern and helps inform programming decisions

Question 22

22 Which assessment is typically the first movement assessment conducted for most clients?
Static posture assessment
Pulling assessment
Overhead squat assessment
Pushing assessment

Answer 22

Overhead squat assessment

Question 23

23 Which movement pattern does research suggest is predictive of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in individuals who practice physical exertion?
Squatting
Pulling
Pushing
Lunging

Answer 23

Squatting

Question 24

24 Steve is a former football player with a BMI of 41 kg/m2. During the overhead squat assessment, he indicates some pain in his knees but says he can push through the pain. What should the Weight Loss Specialist do?
Consider modifying the assessment with a reduced squat depth to see if that minimizes pain.
Inform Steve that it is unsafe to proceed due to the risk of serious injury.
Encourage Steve to push through the pain so that the assessment can be completed.
Immediately stop the assessment and note that the client was unable to properly complete the assessment.

Answer 24

Consider modifying the assessment with a reduced squat depth to see if that minimizes pain.

Question 25

25 If movement impairments are discovered during the overhead squat assessment, what should the Weight Loss Specialist communicate to the client? Communicate to the client that a comprehensive program cannot be created until impairments are addressed. Inform the client that serious injuries can occur if the movement impairments are not addressed. Keep a positive approach by explaining the benefits of addressing the various movement impairments that have been displayed. Let the client know exactly what was observed and how impairments can negatively affect weight loss efforts.

Answer 25

Keep a positive approach by explaining the benefits of addressing the various movement impairments that have been displayed.

Question 26

26 If a client cannot balance during a split stance pushing assessment, which of the following should be done? Eliminate the pushing assessment during the intake appointment and try to evaluate after several weeks. Have the client remain in a split stance and perform as many repetitions as possible up to 10. Have the client stand in a symmetrical stance with feet shoulder-width apart and perform 10 repetitions. Have the client perform as many repetitions as possible of a standard push-up.

Answer 26

Have the client stand in a symmetrical stance with feet shoulder-width apart and perform 10 repetitions.

Question 27

27 Which of the following represents the sequencing of posture and movement assessments? Static posture assessment, upper-extremity pushing and pulling assessments, and overhead squat assessment Static posture assessment, overhead squat assessment, and upper-extremity pushing and pulling assessments Overhead squat assessment, static posture assessment, and lower-extremity pushing and pulling assessments Upper-extremity pushing and pulling assessments, overhead squat assessment, and static posture assessment

Answer 27

Static posture assessment, overhead squat assessment, and upper-extremity pushing and pulling assessments

Question 28

28 Which of the following assessments is used to evaluate a client's capacity to perform work? Body composition assessments Anthropometric assessments Cardiorespiratory assessments Dynamic movement assessments

Answer 28

Cardiorespiratory assessments

Question 29

29 Due to equipment requirements, time involved, and participants' ability to perform exercise to exhaustion, which of the following is the preferred assessment to determine cardiorespiratory fitness? Submaximal VO2 test Muscular endurance test Anaerobic power test VO2max test

Answer 29

Submaximal VO2 test

Question 30

30 Which of the following techniques is used to express or validate how hard a client feels that they are working during exercise? VO2max Test Rating of Perceived Exertion Objective Heart Rate Measure Subjective Intensity Scale

Answer 30

Rating of Perceived Exertion

Question 31

31 Which of the following is a premise of using a talk test during a cardiorespiratory assessment? Monitoring a person's ability to continuously talk has been found to be as accurate as conducting a VO2max test. Weight loss clients should only work at intensities where they can continuously talk. Research has demonstrated that anaerobic metabolism is dominant when continuous talking can be maintained. The exercise intensity that disrupts talking and breathing is connected to specific metabolic events.

Answer 31

The exercise intensity that disrupts talking and breathing is connected to specific metabolic events.

Question 32

32 When conducting a ventilatory threshold test, which of the following needs to occur before an assessment of talking can be collected? An RPE of 12 needs to be recorded. A steady state heart rate must be observed. Heart rate must exceed 120 beats per minute. The client must complete 3 stages of the incremental test.

Answer 32

A steady state heart rate must be observed.

Question 33

33 While conducting a ventilatory threshold test with Vanessa, at minute 8 the Weight Loss Specialist notices her speech becomes less smooth and her reported RPE is 6 and the talk test is somewhat challenging. What should the Weight Loss Specialist do? Reduce the exercise intensity to see if it becomes easy to talk again. Immediately stop the test and proceed to the cool down. Attempt one more stage beyond the suspected ventilatory threshold to validate the assessment. Let Vanessa know that the test is approximately half way done.

Answer 33

Attempt one more stage beyond the suspected ventilatory threshold to validate the assessment.

Question 34

34 Which of the following demonstrates the proper progression of assessments during the intake process? Preparticipation health screening, body composition, physiological assessments, cardiorespiratory assessment, and posture and movement assessments Preparticipation health screening, cardiorespiratory assessment, body composition, posture and movement assessments, and physiological assessments Preparticipation health screening, body composition, posture and movement assessments, physiological assessments, and cardiorespiratory assessment Preparticipation health screening, physiological assessments, body composition, posture and movement assessments, and cardiorespiratory assessment

Answer 34

Preparticipation health screening, physiological assessments, body composition, posture and movement assessments, and cardiorespiratory assessment