Chapter Eight Flashcards
Organic compounds
Properties of crude oil
- Low density
- Not used in raw state
How is crude oil created
The sediment of bacteria, plankton and dead animals is effected by temperature and pressure causing oils and organic fats to be converted into hydrocarbons > this mixture of hydrocarbons is crude oil
What is hydrocarbons made out of
Only hydrogen and carbon atoms
What kind of carbon-carbon bonds do alkanes have
Single carbon-carbon bonds
What is an alkane said to be
Saturated
Homologous series
A series of molecules where each one differs by CH2 from the previous member
Compounds of the same homologous series have
- A similar structure
- A pattern to their physical properties
- Similar chemical properties
- The same general formula
What happens when the number of carbons and the size of the molecules increase within a homologous series
The strength of the forces between molecules increase and so the melting and boiling point of the alkanes increase
Stem name
Indicates how many carbon atoms are in the molecule
Meth-
1
Eth-
2
Prop-
3
But-
4
Pent-
5
Hex-
6
Hept-
7
Oct-
8
Non-
9
Dec-
10
How are alkanes names
By adding ‘ane’ to the end of the stem name
General formula for alkanes
Cn H2n+2
n = number of carbon atoms
Structural formulae
Shows all bonds in the molecule but lone pairs are omitted
Condensed structural formulae
Shows the atom that are connected to each carbon but not the bonds
Structural isomers
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
