Properties of non- metal compounds
- Don’t conduct electricity
- Soft in solid state
Molecule
A discrete group of atoms bonded together with a known formula
Intermolecular bonds
The forces of attraction between atoms within molecules
Intermolecular forces
The forces of attraction between neighbouring molecules
Covalent bonding
When non-metal atoms share electrons
Covalent bonding is…
- More stable than the separate atoms
- Relatively high in number of electrons in valence
How are atoms kept together in covalent bonding
The charged nuclei of neighbouring atoms each have an attraction for the shared electrons so this keeps the atoms held together in a molecule
Single covalent bonds
- When atoms share 2 electrons, 1 from each atom
- 2 electrons = electron pair
Double covalent bonds
- 2 pairs of electrons are shared between the atoms
- 4 in total
What are molecules that contain 2 atoms called
Diatomic molecules
What are non-bonding electrons
Valence shell electrons not involved in the bonding
What are non-bonding electron pairs called
Lone electron pairs/lone pairs
Triple covalent bonds
- 3 pairs of electrons are shared between 2 atoms
- 6 in total
Polyatomic molecules
Molecules made up of more than 2 types of atoms
How do the molecules of polyatomic ions bond
Covalently
Different ways of representing molecules
- Ball and stick
- Space-filling
- Lewis dot diagram
- Lewis dot diagram with lines for bonds
Shapes of molecules
A diatomic molecule is linear
How do electron pairs arrange themselves
As far away as possible
