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Cosmetoloy 131 > Chapter F06 Glossary > Flashcards

Chapter F06 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

acidic solution

A

a solution with a pH less than 7

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2
Q

acid-alkali neutralization reactions

A

when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water and a salt

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3
Q

alkaline solutions

A

a solution with a pH over 7

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4
Q

alkaline solutions

A

a solution with a pH over 7

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5
Q

alkalis

A

aka bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

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6
Q

alkanolamines

A

alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

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7
Q

alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

A

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

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8
Q

ammonia

A

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

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9
Q

anion

A

an ion with a negative electrical charge

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10
Q

atoms

A

smallest chemical component of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the elements

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11
Q

carcinogen

A

a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

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12
Q

cation

A

an ion with a positive electrical charge (CATions make me feel PAWsitive)

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13
Q

chemical change

A

a change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance

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14
Q

chemical properties

A

characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

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15
Q

chemistry

A

science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under difference conditions

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16
Q

combustible

A

material that is capable of igniting and burning

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17
Q

combustion

A

rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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18
Q

compound molecules

A

aka compounds; chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

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19
Q

electrons

A

subatomic particles with a negative charge

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20
Q

element

A

the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

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21
Q

elemental molecule

A

molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions

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22
Q

emulsifier

A

an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

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23
Q

emulsion

A

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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24
Q

emulsion

A

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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25
endothermic reaction
chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur
26
exothermic reaction
chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat
27
flammable
material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material
28
glycerin
sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams
29
glycolic acid
an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products
30
hydrophilic
easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)
31
immiscible
liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
32
incompatible
substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other
33
ion
an atom or molecule that carrier an electrical charge
34
ionization
the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
35
lipophilic
having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
36
matter
any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)
37
miscible
liquids that are mutually soluble, earning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
38
molecule
a chemical combination of two or more atoms in fixed proportions
39
mutagen
a substance that may cause cancer but not always
40
neutrons
subatomic particles with no charge (neutral)
41
oil-in-water emulsion
oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent. the droplets of oil are surrounded by surfactants with their lipophilic tails pointing in and hydrophilic heads pointing out which keeps oil dispersed in the water
42
overexposure
the prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure that can cause sensitivity
43
oxidation-reduction
a chemical reaction in which an oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized; aka redox
44
oxidizing agent
this is the term for any substance that releases oxygen
45
pH
abbreviation used for “potential hydrogen”; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance and is measured on a scale of 1-14 with 7 being neutral; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions
46
pH scale
a measure of the acidity and alkalinity or a substance; range from 0-14
47
physical change
this is a change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance
48
physical mixtures
a combination of two or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any properties
49
physical properties
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance; include color, odor, weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, and hardness
50
protons
subatomic particles with a positive charge
51
pure substance
a chemical combination of matter in fixed proportions
52
reducing agent
substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound
53
safety data sheet
required for all products sold; includes safety info about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use, and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines and precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure
54
silicones
this is a special type of oil used in hair conditioner, water-resistant lubricants for the skin and nail polish dryers
55
sodium hydroxide
very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye
56
solute
any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution
57
solution
a uniform, stable mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances
58
solvent
a substance that dissolves the solute to form the solution
59
surfactants
acronym for surface active agent; reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spread ability; wet the skin and allow oil and water to mix or emulsify
60
suspensions
unstable physical mixture of dissolved particles in a liquid; will have a tendency to separate over time
61
thioglycolic acid
colorless liquid or white crystal with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent weaving solutions; contracts and closes the article
62
volatile alcohols
are alcohols that evaporate easily
63
volatile organic compounds
term for compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily; common one used in hairspray is SD alcohol
64
water-oil-emulsions
droplets of water are surrounded by surfactants with their hydrophilic heads pointing in and their lipophilic tails pointing out

Cosmetoloy 131 (13 decks)

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