Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiological Psychology > Chapter Fifteen > Flashcards

Chapter Fifteen Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Schizophrenia affects…

A

1% of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do symptoms of schizophrenia emerge?

A

between late teens and mid-thirties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mortality rate of those with schizophrenia?

A

10% due to suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Positive symptoms

A

made known by its presence; non-schizos will NOT do this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Negative symptoms

A

made known by its absence; non-schizos WILL do this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biological determinants of Schizophrenia

A

heredity; studies of adoption ruled out environment; MZ twins run a 50% concordance rate; likely that children inherit a vulnerability that is brought out by something environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dopamine/Pharmacology of Schizophrenia

A

over-accumulation of dopamine in the brain; DA antagonists reduce positive symptoms, while agonists make them worse;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drug products Schizophrenia symptoms?

A

cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Too much dopamine?

A

too much released, receptors might be overly sensitive to DA, slow reuptake keeps DA in synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Laruelle et al. (1996)

A

when given amphetamines, schizos released more DA than controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other studies done on Schizo’s show..

A

increased number of DA receptors in brains of schizo patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What appears to account for positive symptoms?

A

increased DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Weinberger & Wyatt (1982)

A

ventricles getting larger ; other studies show the cortex is getting smaller, which is normal process of aging, but accelerated in schizos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidemiological Research

A

studies of diseases among a population-looks at trends in occurrences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seasonal Effects of Schizo

A

more born between Feb and May; numbers increased if previous fall was especially cold; could be a virus/bacteria picked up in fall/early winter that “plants the seed” for manifestation later on; higher rates in cities; higher rates in babies born after flu epidemic; higher rates in women who experience extreme stress during pregnancy;

NOT cause and effect; but points to environmental trigger for the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Monochorionic (MC)

A

fed by 1 placenta; share amniotic sac; same prenatal environment; 60% concordance rate with Schizo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dichoriotic (DC)

A

fed by 2 placenta; 2 amniotic sacs; 11% concordance rate with Schizo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If split happens after day 4—>

A

MC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If split happens prior to day 4–>

A

DC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Unipolar

A

major depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bipolar

A

mania and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what percent of those with unipolar attempt suicide?

A

15-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Biological Substrates of Affective Disorders

A

run in families; if close family member suffers, others 10x as likely, 69% concordance rate among identical twins, 13% concordance rate among fraternal twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bipolar

A

lithium salts work 70-80% of patients; curbs manic symptoms, no lasting side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do schizo patients report feeling before an episode?
euphoria/elation before an episode which might be the same system involved in rewarding drug effects
26
Unipolar depression treatments
increase NE and SE levels in the brain
27
MAO inhibitors
work but have side effects
28
Tricyclic antidepressants
early meds that work
29
SSRI
specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors- prozac is well known
30
How long to antidepressants typically take to work?
2-4 weeks
31
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
physicians noticed improvement in symptoms after patients had seizures
32
What are the steps to ECT?
anesthesia, muscle relaxers, current applied to right hemisphere
33
How many treatments do ECT patients get?
3x/week for 2-4 weeks
34
What is the side effect of ECT?
memory loss
35
Monoamines
depression is accociated with insufficient monoamines, especially NE and SE
36
What do monoamine antagonists do?
cause depression- reserpine is used to blood pressure but has a side effect of depression
37
What is related to monoamine depletion?
suicidal tendencies
38
Brain imaging studies
found difference in activity in the amygdala & prefrontal cortex, but no differences in structure
39
What type of sleep do depressed people show?
shallow sleep; more stage 1, less stage 3/4
40
REM sleep deprivation and depression
effective treatment; takes a few weeks to be effective, just like antidepressants
41
Scherschilicht et al. (1982)
looked at common meds for treating depression and all of them affected REM sleep patterns
42
Total sleep deprivation and depression
produces immediate relief of depressions
43
Wu and Bunny (1990)
showed that responders benefit the most from total sleep deprivation
44
responders
those who feel more depressed in the morning but get in a better mood as the day progresses
45
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
depression caused by changes in seasons...specifically in sunlight exposure
46
what does light exposure regulate?
melatonin released by pineal
47
What do SAD patients often crave?
carbohydrates; will show weight gain during episodes
48
what is the most effective treatment for SAD?
phototherapy
49
Anxiety Disorder physiological symptoms
rapid breathing, sweating, dry mouth, increased heart rate
50
Anxiety Disorder psychological symptoms
feeling of dread; fear
51
Panic Disorder
unpredictable bouts of high anxiety
52
Who does anxiety disorder effect?
1-2% of population; early onset equal among males and females
53
causes of anxiety disorders
runs in families; higher rates for MZ twins
54
How are anxiety disorders triggered?
arousal of autonomic nervous system; caffeine, amphetamines
55
How are anxiety disorders treated?
medications and behavioral therapy
56
OCD
upsetting thoughts (O) and repetitive behaviors (C)
57
who does OCD effect?
1-2%; females slightly more
58
what are different examples of those with OCD?
counters, checkers, cleaners
59
Treatment of OCD
medications show promise, but its a hard disorder to treat
60
causes of OCD
linked to tourettes syndrome, birth trauma, encephalitis, head trauma
61
What are the brain differences in those with OCD?
differences in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex; increased activity in frontal lobes and caudate nucleus

Physiological Psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions