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Physiological Psychology > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Transduction

A

physical stimulation –> brain activity

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2
Q

In humans, which sensation has more brain devoted to it?

A

Vision

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3
Q

In rodents, which sensation has more brain devoted to it?

A

olfaction

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4
Q

what exactly is light?

A

a wave of which we see a narrow range

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5
Q

Sclera

A

the white membrane on outside of eye; not transparent-no light can pass through

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6
Q

Cornea

A

transparant film on the front of the eye; one of the fastest repairing tissues

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7
Q

Iris

A

muscle that regulates amount of light that comes into the eye; changes size of pupil

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8
Q

Pupil

A

hole in the front of the eye

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9
Q

Lens

A

directly behind the pupil; focuses light waves as they come into the eye

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10
Q

Accommodation

A

the lens literally changes shape

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11
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

gel-like; allowed eye to keep spherical shape

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12
Q

Retina

A

nervous tissue; where light (which comes in right to left) gets focused

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13
Q

Retina is made up of three cell types

A

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

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14
Q

Photoreceptors

A

very back of the retina; rods & cones

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15
Q

Bipolar cells

A

middle

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16
Q

Ganglion cells

A

front of the retina; axons make up the optic nerve

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17
Q

Rods

A

(120 mil) outside edge of retina; seeing with low light levels

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18
Q

Cones

A

(6 mil) middle of retina; color vision, visual acuity-seeing in detail

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19
Q

Pigment in the photoreceptors

A

Opsin (protein) and retinal (lipid)

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20
Q

What are the colors of cones?

A

red, blue, and green

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21
Q

What does contact with light do to the photopigment?

A

splits the photopigment

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22
Q

What does the split in the photopigment cause?

A

change in release of glutamate (excitatory) , which causes chain reaction

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23
Q

What is the end result with the photoreceptors?

A

ganglion cells are stimulated and these cells make up the optic nerve

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24
Q

Once the retina is stimulated, where does the nerve impulse travel?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. ) dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) and 2.) optic radiations carry signal to the primary visual cortex (AKA striate nucleus)
25
Optic radiatons
the pathway from 1-2 (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus--> primary visual cortex
26
Receptive Field
part of environment that stimulates neurons-group on retina; the part of the visual field that a neuron "sees"
27
Fovea
has the greatest concentration of cones; absolute dead center of the retina
28
How many ganglion cells does each cone have?
One
29
In the periphery, how many rods does each ganglion cell connect to?
there may be 10 rods to each ganglion cell Why visual acuity is better at the fovea
30
Three varieties of ganglion cells
ON, OFF, ON/OFF
31
What do receptive fields look like?
they have a center that is surrounded by a ring
32
When you mix red, blue, and green light, what do you get?
White
33
Trichromatic Theory
we see color because we have three different kinds of cones
34
Where does perception come from?
the stimulation of cones (3 types)
35
How many of each color of cones are there?
Red and green equal each other, there are fewer blue ones
36
How are different colors seen?
because of different ratios and intensities; cones are stimulated in different ways
37
Color blindness
deficiency in number of cones of chemical
38
Protanopia
confusion of red/green; see world as yellows and blues
39
Deuteranopia
green cones filled with red photopigment
40
Tritanopia
rarest form; deficient in blue cones; see world as red and green
41
Ganglion cells
also involved in color processing; they follow a center-surround orientation
42
What explains negative afterimages?
ganglion cells; when stimulation is taken away, the other color in the pair rebounds
43
Primary Visual Cortex (striate cortex)
found next to calcarine fissure, occipital lobe.
44
What do cells in the primary visual cortex respond to?
specific bits of information 1/4 is devoted to fovea
45
Orientation of lines
different lines turn on different cells in the PVC
46
Retinal Disparity
because two eyes are separated; each eye sees a slightly different image; cells in PVS respond vigorously when each eye receives a slightly different image
47
CO blobs
further interpretation of color
48
Organization of PVC
organized in modules (columns)- 25,000 modules each with 150,000 neurons; 1/2 mm x 3/4 mm and analyze features from that part of the visual field
49
What does the PVC provide?
color, input to orientation, texture, disparity
50
Visual Association Cortex
this lies outside of the occipital lobe
51
Ventral Stream
WHAT-temporal lobe
52
Dorsal Stream
WHERE-parietal lobe
53
Form Perception
temportal lobe-ventral stream based; region combines info bout color, form, and dimension; neurons respond to 3D objects
54
Agnosia
disruption of form perception; cannot recognize visually-body makes appropriate gestures for object; can use other non-visual senses to recognize
55
Apperceptive Agnosia
cannot draw or copy
56
Associative Agnosia
can copy, but now draw from memory
57
Prosapagnosia
the recognition deficit is very specific to a certain object; can see individual features but cannot recognize; can use other sensory modalities to recognize (walk, etc.)
58
What does evidence show the right temporal cortex is most important for?
face recognition; faces may be special, as cases of object agnosia, but face recognition was left intact

Physiological Psychology (11 decks)

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