Chapter One Terms And Def.

Question 1

a research design in which groups of participants of different ages are studied at the same point in time. Distinguished from longitudinal design.

Answer 1

cross-sectional design

Question 2

the effects of cultural historical change on the accuracy of longitudinal and cross-sectional research findings

Answer 2

cohort effects

Question 3

a number ranging from positive 1 to negative one, that describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables

Answer 3

correlation coefficient

Question 4

a research design in which investigators gather information on individuals without altering their experiences and then examines relationships between participants characteristics

Answer 4

correlational design

does not permit inferences about cause and effect

Question 5

a research method in which the aim is to obtain as complete a picture as possible of one individual psychological functioning by bringing together interview data observations test scores

Answer 5

clinical or case study method

Question 6

an interview method in which the researcher uses flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view. Distinguished from structured interview

Answer 6

clinical interview

Question 7

in ecological systems theory, Temple changes and environments, either externally imposed or arising from within the person, the produce new conditions affecting development.

Answer 7

chronosystem

Question 8

an approach introduced by Piaget that views children as actively constructing knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world and that regards cognitive development in stages.

Answer 8

cognitive development theory

Question 9

influences on lifespan developed development that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable and when they occur and how long they last.

Answer 9

age-graded influences

Question 10

procedures that can bind conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increased desirable responses.

Answer 10

behavior modification

Question 11

directly observable events stimuli and responses as the appropriate focus of study and Views the development of behavior is taking place through classical and operant conditioning

Answer 11

behaviorism