Lecture 4

Question 1

within the nucleus how many chromosomes are there how many pairs?

Answer 1

46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs

Question 2

a long thin strand of DNA organized into a coil called a double helix

Answer 2

chromosome

Question 3

which pair are sex chromosomes because they determine biological sex

Answer 3

the 23rd pair are sex chromosomes

Question 4

spiral like sequence of molecules made up of pairs of nucleotides

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

4 simple molecules found in every living creature that are the basis for the larger molecule called DNA

Answer 5

nucleotides

Question 6

what are the four nucleotides?

Answer 6

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 7

a sequencer seen a bit of DNA, the smallest functional chemical unit of heredity

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

the process by which chromosomal material in a Cell replicates, cell divides once, resulting in two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

chromosomal material in a Cell replicates, divides twice resulting in 4 cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original

Answer 9

meiosis

Question 10

in meiosis daughter cells are genetically_________ from one another due to crossing over chromosomal exchange of genetic material

Answer 10

daughter cells are genetically different from one another. meiosis

Question 11

gametes

Answer 11

sex cells

Question 12

the physical expression of one’s genes

Answer 12

phenotype

Question 13

one’s actual genetic makeup

Answer 13

genotype

Question 14

multiple genes interacting to produce a particular trait or characteristic

Answer 14

polygenic inheritance

Question 15

three types of inherited disorders

Answer 15

dominant, recessive, sex-linked or x-linked

Question 16

of the following aired to disorders which one is a dominant trait. sickle cell anemia, PKU, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis Huntington’s disease.

Answer 16

Huntington’s disease is a dominant trait. Sickle cell anemia PKU, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis are all recessive traits.

Question 17

sex linked or x-linked traits are carried on which pair of chromosomes?

Answer 17

sex linked traits are carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes

Question 18

true or false sex linked traits can be dominant or recessive?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

male pattern baldness and hemophilia are examples of recessive or dominant x-linked disorders?

Answer 19

recessive sex-linked disorders

Question 20

three chromosomes on the 21st pair. trisomy 21. this genetic mutation is called?

Answer 20

Down syndrome

Question 21

what are some disorders caused by structural defects in chromosomes during meiosis AKA genetic mutations?

Answer 21

Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XXX, xyy syndrome, xxyy syndrome