Chapter Seven Terms

Question 1

How are world conditions shaped by Internationalism?

Answer 1

Global challenges like disease, terrorism, and climate change are no longer bound within the border of a country. These issues need to be combatted multilaterally (several countries working together)

Question 2

What is the effect of technology and communication on internationalism?

Answer 2

Technology can empower people around the world to contribute to causes that may be affecting them or their nation. Communication is important in global emergencies and also helps to connect previously isolated parts of the world

Question 3

Balkanization

Answer 3

The separation of people into isolated and hostile groups

Question 4

Antonio Guerres

Answer 4

The current UN secretary general

Question 5

Kofi Annan

Answer 5

The former UN secretary general who stated that the UN must adapt to the changes of the world, resulting in leaders discussing the future of the United Nations

Question 6

Nuclear Weaponry

Answer 6

In order to protect global peace and security, the UN has been trying to limit the development and use of nuclear weaponry

Question 7

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Answer 7

Prevent spread of nuclear weapons but allowed nuclear power plants for energy. The International Atomic Energy Agency looks after the terms of this treaty

Question 8

Iran and the IAEA

Answer 8

Iran signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, but people say they have been secretly making uranium for nuclear weapons. This made Western countries suspicious and they asked Iran to stop.

Question 9

How did the UN respond to Iran?

Answer 9

They imposed sanctions on the state when the government refused to stop developing enriched uranium.

Question 10

Sanctions

Answer 10

Measures that are put in place to enforce laws and rules that another country or group is refusing to follow. (e.g limiting trade so that a country will be forced to stop building weapons and focus on their economy)

Question 11

UNESCO

Answer 11

An organization that promotes international cooperation in areas of education, science, culture, etc. UNESCO also protects many important natural and man-made sites around the globe

Question 12

Cultural sites

Answer 12

Important sites or monuments that represent the history of a nation or event (The Great Wall of China)

Question 13

Natural sites

Answer 13

Represent a major stage in the earths history and have extreme beauty or threatened species (Canadian Rocky Mtn Parks)

Question 14

Trickle-Down Theory

Answer 14

A theory that suggests when developed countries have more money to spend, they will buy goods and services from a less developed country to try and strengthen global economy

Question 15

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Answer 15

An independent organization that works closely with the UN and outlines the rules on conducting international trade and resolving economic disputes

Question 16

What are some controversies of the WTO?

Answer 16

Some believe that the WTO threatens national sovereignty and identity, while others feel it only benefits developed countries who receive cheap goods that cost less-developed countries millions to produce and export

Question 17

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 17

A specialized program of the UN that attempts to bring economic stability through the promotion of free trade as well as their aims to reduce poverty

Question 18

What is a controversy of the IMF?

Answer 18

Oftentimes, the IMF reduces governments decision making power by forcing austerity measures on them

Question 19

Austerity Measures

Answer 19

When governments reduce their spending but increase their taxes in order to combat debt. This leads to even further hardship of citizens

Question 20

The European Union (EU)

Answer 20

Aimed towards the promotion of peace, security, justice and free trade in Europe, allowing member countries to play an important role in world trade

Question 21

What are some controversies of the EU?

Answer 21

Many of the EU members have been concerned for their sovereignty because they will not be able to pass laws for the EU constitution. This is why the United Kingdom left the EU (Brexit)

Question 22

La Francophonie

Answer 22

An organization of multiple governments that have French as their official language and promote the Francophone culture, identity, and rights

Question 23

Poverty

Answer 23

A state where an individual lacks the sufficient financial resources to meet the basic standards of living. Different than absolute poverty because those in absolute poverty have no income, let alone basic survival necessities.

Question 24

What are some causes that contribute to poverty?

Answer 24

Unaffordable education fees, lack of resources (land, markets, etc.), conflict, war, trade laws, and discrimination

Question 25

Absolute poverty

Answer 25

A condition characterized by severe deprivation of the basic human survival needs including food, safe drinking water, health services and sanitation.

Question 26

What are some issues that can result from living below the poverty line?

Answer 26

Hunger and malnutrition, low immune systems that are unable to fight disease, lower mortality rates, and national debt

Question 27

AIDS

Answer 27

Used to be seen as a death sentence, but now individuals are able to take medication and life a normal life with AIDS. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the majority of Africans as they lack the resources to deal with disease due to poverty

Question 28

Debt

Answer 28

When countries borrow more money than they produce

Question 29

Odious Debt

Answer 29

Debt that is created by a tyrannical leader/dictator who used the money to strengthen their regime, instead of meeting the needs of their citizens

Question 30

Probe International

Answer 30

A Non-Governmental Organization that monitors Canadas contributions to foreign aid

Question 31

Climate Change & Internationalism

Answer 31

Because of ocean currents and strong winds, one country's pollution from greenhouse gasses or carbon emissions affects everyone around the globe

Question 32

Kyoto Protocol

Answer 32

A failed international attempt on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, calling countries to reduce their emissions by 20%, which placed countries such as Canada at an economic disadvantage with their domestic businesses

Question 33

Paris Agreement

Answer 33

A successful proposal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that was signed by 195 countries, who agreed to attainable individual targets to reduce their contributions to climate change

Question 34

Nomadic

Answer 34

To be moving around a lot and have no permanent homeland

Question 35

Darfur Civil War

Answer 35

The Darfur civil war was when rebels fought Sudan’s government over neglect. The government armed militias, causing mass killings (genocide) of black Sudanese people