Chapter Five Terms

Question 1

Crimes against humanity

Answer 1

Categorized as extreme human rights abuse, and are mass crimes against a specific target group based on their ethnicity, religion, political views, etc. Those who commit these acts (Hitler) believe it is in their national interest to do so.

Question 2

Mass nature

Answer 2

A large number of victims

Question 3

How do crimes against humanity develop?

Answer 3

Ultranationalism ⮕ Racism ⮕ Segregation ⮕ Blaming target group ⮕ Destroying the target group through mass murder, deportation and assimilation

Question 4

What are the three types of Human Rights Abuses?

Answer 4

1) Crimes against humanity
2) War crimes
3) Genocide

Question 5

War crimes

Answer 5

The willful killing and torture of individuals and/or large groups. War crimes inflict intentional suffering against civilian populations.

Question 6

Genocide

Answer 6

The killing of members of religious, ethnic, or racial groups and causing them bodily and mental harm and a life of physical pain and destruction.

Question 7

What are the 8 stages of genocide?

Answer 7

1) Classification
2) Symbolization
3) Dehumanization
4) Organization
5) Polarization
6) Preparation
7) Extermination
8) Denial

Question 8

Classification

Answer 8

The first stage of genocide in which nationality, race, religion or ethnicity are distinguished and an “us” versus “them” mentality is taken on by society.

Question 9

Symbolization

Answer 9

The second stage of genocide where symbols, language, and names are used to identify certain groups (Star of David)

Question 10

Dehumanization

Answer 10

This is the third stage of genocide where the target group is made to appear less than human. This ultimately desensitizes people to murder when the target group is being called things like rats or disease

Question 11

Organization

Answer 11

The fourth stage of genocide where arms and financial means are put in place by the state to help carry out the genocide

Question 12

Polarization

Answer 12

The further division of the target group from the rest of society. During the fifth stage, laws are usually passed against them and propaganda is used to spread hate towards them

Question 13

Preparation

Answer 13

Death camps and death lists are created and weapons are stockpiled in this sixth stage of genocide

Question 14

Extermination

Answer 14

The target group is murdered

Question 15

Denial

Answer 15

This is the eight and final stage of genocide and can go on for years. It is where people claim that the genocide has not or is not occurring, and placing direct blame on the target group to justify their actions

Question 16

How are Crimes against Humanity prosecuted?

Answer 16

Countries have determined that it is in their best interest to put an end to crimes against humanity, which is why after WWII, the Allies (Britain, France & U.S) set up military tribunals for German And Japanese offenders

Question 17

The United Nations & Crimes against Humanity.

Answer 17

The UN has been criticized on multiple occasions for not being able to respond fast enough when cases of genocide, war crimes, or Crimes against Humanity take place.

Question 18

What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

Answer 18

A criminal court formed in 2002, to try and judge cases regarding Crimes against Humanity. 123 countries have signed on this, but nation states like the U.S.A, Russia. and China have NOT signed, because of the fear that the ICC will interfere with their sovereignty.

Question 19

Ottoman Empire

Answer 19

Formed around religious beliefs (Islam, Christianity & Judaism), and composed of three distinct nations.
Turks=Islamic. Armenians=Christian. The Armenians desired self-determination, but in their pursuit, thousands of them were killed.

Question 20

Armenian Genocide

Answer 20

When the Young Turks, who controlled the Ottoman Empire, called for the mass extermination of Armenians. Their orders were referred to as the Ten Commandments.

Question 21

How were the Ten Commandments carried out?

Answer 21

Turkish soldiers began carrying out these orders by arresting Armenian leaders, murdering, and deporting them. They were forced to walk to Syria through rough terrain with little to no water. Very few actually made it to their destination and died of thirst, starvation, or murder from the wild desert tribes

Question 22

How was the Armenian Genocide recognized?

Answer 22

Canada was one of the first nation-states to recognize the genocide, though the Turkish government has never admitted to the ‘planned’ massacre of the Armenians. Instead, they blame these deaths on war

Question 23

Kulaks

Answer 23

Wealthy farmers in Ukraine who owned livestock and land

Question 24

How did the Holodomor (Ukrainian Famine) come about?

Answer 24

After Joseph Stalin took power, he determined that the Ukrainian land belonged to the Soviet Union. The Kulaks were angry and refused, which resulted in Stalin closing their borders, and forcing a famine in Ukraine

Question 25

Gulags

Answer 25

Labour camps where Ukrainians were sent to if they refused to cooperate with Stalin

Question 26

True or False, the Holodmor was recognized as genocide.

Answer 26

True, however Russians do not accept this judgement.

Question 27

The Holocaust

Answer 27

The extermination of the Jewish population by Hitler during WWII. Millions of Jews, disabled individuals, and homosexuals were killed or sent to concentration/death camps. Hitler used scapegoating as a reason behind this extermination

Question 28

Scapegoating

Answer 28

Placing blame on a particular group of people for a nation-state's problems

Question 29

Anti-Semitism

Answer 29

Hatred and discrimination towards the Jews

Question 30

The Rape of Nanking

Answer 30

When Japan invaded the Chinese city of Nanking and murdered and raped approximately 300,00 men, women, and children

Question 31

The bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Answer 31

In 1945, the U.S dropped two atomic bombs ('Little Boy' & 'Fat Man') on Japan, resulting in 14,000 people killed and thousands of survivors left to suffer with Leukemia

Question 32

Harry Truman

Answer 32

President of the United States of America who made the decision to drop the atomic bombs. He felt that this was necessary in order to stop the war.

Question 33

Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 33

He was the commander of the Allied forces and disagreed with the dropping of the atomic bombs all together

Question 34

Yugoslavia

Answer 34

A state that was created through the Paris Peace Conference by joining various nations within one nation-state. Yugoslavia eventually broke apart due to past conflicts

Question 35

Slobodan Milosevic

Answer 35

A Serbian nationalist who believed that the Serbs should form an ethnic nation, and eventually began a process of ethnic cleansing of any non-Serbs

Question 36

Bosnian Genocide

Answer 36

A genocide created by Milosevic where he sent Serbian troops to Bosnia and Herzegovina to kill or push out all non-Serbs. This resulted in over 11, 000 people being killed