Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics Ped 351 > chapter two > Flashcards

chapter two Flashcards

1
Q

system

A

any structure or organization of related structures whose state of motion is of analytical interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anthropometry

A

the discipline that studies measurements of the body and body segments in terms of height, weight, volume, length, breadth, proportion, inertia, and other properties related to shape, mass, and mass distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

ratio of body mass to height used to describe stature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ponderal index (PI)

A

ratio used to describe stature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

somatotyping

A

system of body-type description based on weight and muscularity relative to height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ectomorphic

A

somatotype described as being linear and relatively thin for height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mesomorphic

A

somatotype described as being muscular, strong, and possessing weight relatively proportional to height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endomorphic

A

somatotype described as being rounder and relatively heavy for height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

waist-to-hip ratio

A

ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference often associated with disease risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

crural index

A

ratio of the length of the tibia to the length of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anatomical position

A

reference position defined by standing erect with all joints extended, feet parallel, palms facing forward, and fingers together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cardinal plane

A

plane that passes directly through the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body into left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane diving the body into superior and inferior halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mediolateral axis

A

axis that passes horizontally side to side and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anteroposterior axis

A

axis that runs horizontally from front to back and is perpendicular to the frontal plane of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

superoinferior axis

A

axis that passes up and down and is perpendicular to the transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

center of mass

A

the point that represents the average location of a system’s mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

center of gravity

A

the point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

line of gravity

A

a vertical line representing gravity that passes through a system’s center of mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cartesian or rectangular coordinate system

A

a frame of reference defined by an origin and two or three orthogonal axes, each passing through the origin and defining one spatial dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

origin (O)

A

a stationary point in the environment, from which all measurements are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

global reference frame

A

a fixed frame of reference that allows the location of any point to be specified with respect to a defined origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

local reference frame

A

a frame of reference attached to and moving with the system of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

roll

A

a combination of rotation and translation in which each point on a surface contacts a unique location on the other surface

27
Q

yaw

A

rotation of a system around the y-axis

28
Q

pitch

A

rotation of a system around the z-axis

29
Q

degrees of freedom (DOF)

A

the number of independent ways in which a system can move

30
Q

free-body diagram

A

a simplified representation of a system free of the movement environment

31
Q

flexion

A

segmental motion in a saggiato plane, around a mediolateral axis, and away from the anatomical position

32
Q

extension

A

returns a segment to the anatomical position in a sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis and is described as increasing the angle at the joint

33
Q

abduction

A

motion in a frontal plane and around an anteroposterior axis that moves the segment away from the anatomical position

34
Q

adduction

A

frontal plane motion that returns the segment to the anatomical position

35
Q

eversion

A

frontal plane motion around an anteroposterior axis such that the sole of the foot rotates outward or laterally

36
Q

inversion

A

frontal plane motion around an anteroposterior axis such that the sole of the foot rotates inward or medially

37
Q

deviation

A

frontal plane motion around an anteroposterior axis at the wrist

38
Q

pronation

A

rotation at the radioulnar joint around a superoinferior axis that causes the palm to turn toward the body (medially and posteriorly)

39
Q

supination

A

transverse plane motion that returns the radioulnar joint toward the anatomical position (palm moves anteriorly)

40
Q

closed skill

A

skill performed under standardized or predictable environment conditions

41
Q

open skill

A

skill performed in a changing or unpredictable environment

42
Q

motion

A

a change in position with respect to both spatial and temporal frames of reference

43
Q

force

A

something that possesses the capability to cause a change in motion or shape of the system

44
Q

relative motion

A

the motion of one object with respect to a reference object

45
Q

translation

A

motion along one of the x-, y-, or z- axes; linear motion

46
Q

rotation

A

motion around a fixed axis and therefore in a circular path; angular motion

47
Q

spin

A

occurs if all points on one articulating surface come in contact with one point on another articulating surface

48
Q

glide

A

sliding or pure translation in which a point on one surface glides or skids over many points of an opposing surface

49
Q

roll

A

rotation of a system around the x-axis

50
Q

discrete skill

A

motion that has a definite beginning and end point

51
Q

continuous skill

A

cycles of motion performed repeatedly with no well-defined beginning or end points

52
Q

repeated discrete

A

cycles of motion that are seemingly continuous but require a recovery phase between propulsive actions

53
Q

serial skill

A

movements that comprises a series of discrete motions

54
Q

gross movement

A

motion that is the result of large muscle group activity and requires little precision

55
Q

fine movement

A

motion that is precise and generally controlled by small muscle groups

56
Q

kinetic chain

A

system of linked rigid bodies subject to force application

57
Q

serial or simple kinetic chain

A

kinetic chain in which each segment participates in no more than two linkages

58
Q

complex kinetic chain

A

kinetic chain in which a segment is linked to more than tow other segments

59
Q

mobility

A

the total degrees of freedom of a kinetic chain

60
Q

open kinetic chain

A

kinetic chain in which motion can occur at one link in the chain without cooperative motion at other links

61
Q

closed kinetic chain

A

kinetic chain in which motion at one link is only possible with cooperative movement at other links

62
Q

functional kinetic chain

A

a complex kinetic chain in which some links are involved in open chain motion and others are engaged in closed chain motion

63
Q
A

Biomechanics Ped 351 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions