Chapter Two: Psychoanalysis Theory

Question 1

What was most of Freud’s theory built on?

Answer 1

His own experiences as a child.

Question 2

What was Freud’s parents like?

Answer 2

His father was strict while his mother adored him.

Question 3

What was Freuds theory of personality based on?

Answer 3

Intuitive process and clinical research.

Question 4

What is intuitive process?

Answer 4

Personal memories and experiences.

Question 5

What was Freud’s clinical research?

Answer 5

Case studies of women involving free-association and dream analysis.

Question 6

What are instincts?

Answer 6

The basic elements of personality, forces that drive behaviour. They are a form of energy.

Question 7

What do instincts do?

Answer 7

Connect the needs of the body with the wishes of the mind.

Question 8

What are life instincts?

Answer 8

Survival, libido, concentration on the particular need.

Question 9

What are death instincts?

Answer 9

Compulsion to destroy and aggressiveness.

Question 10

What is the goal of an instinct?

Answer 10

To satisfy the need and reduce the tension.

Question 11

What explains the diversity in human behaviour?

Answer 11

Displacements of instincts into activities or behaviours that satisfy our needs.

Question 12

What are the three levels of personality?

Answer 12

The conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.

Question 13

What is the conscious?

Answer 13

Experiences we are aware of at any given moment. It is a limited aspect to personality.

Question 14

Why is the conscious a limited aspect to personality?

Answer 14

This is because only a small amount of thoughts, sensations, and memories exist there.

Question 15

What is the unconscious?

Answer 15

Where instincts occur and is the driving power behind behaviours.

Question 16

What is the preconscious?

Answer 16

Where we store all memories and thoughts. We can easily call these into consciousness.

Question 17

What did Freud turn the three levels of personality into?

Answer 17

He made three basic structures for personality. The id, ego and superego.

Question 18

What is the id?

Answer 18

It corresponds to the unconscious. It works to increase pleasure and uses primary process thinking.

Question 19

What is the pleasure principle?

Answer 19

When the id functions to increase pleasure and avoid pain. It strives for immediate satisfaction.

Question 20

What is the ego?

Answer 20

The ego tries to postpone, delay, or redirect satisfaction in order to meet the demands of reality. Reason or rationality, the conscious and preconscious.

Question 21

What is the reality principle?

Answer 21

Opposite of the pleasure principle. To manipulate the environment in a realistic manner.

Question 22

What happens if someone is controlled by their id?

Answer 22

They become impulsive and dangerous. They act on their id impulses and might end up in treatment or prison.

Question 23

What is the superego?

Answer 23

The conscience and ego-ideal. It strives for moral perfection. Intense and irrational insistence on obedience.

Question 24

What is the conscience?

Answer 24

Formed from behaviours children are punished for. People recognize what behaviours are good and bad.

Question 25

What is the ego-ideal?

Answer 25

Formed from good or correct behaviours the child has been praised for.

Question 26

How is anxiety formed?

Answer 26

When the ego is too severely strained from the pressures of the id and superego.

Question 27

What are the three types of anxiety Freud proposed?

Answer 27

Reality anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety.

Question 28

What is reality anxiety?

Answer 28

The fear of tangible dangers.

Question 29

What is neurotic anxiety?

Answer 29

The confliction between satisfaction and reality. The id vs ego. The wish to gratify id impulses.

Question 30

What is moral anxiety?

Answer 30

The fear of your conscience. Expressing id impulses against your morality can cause the super ego to make you feel guilty and shameful.