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Chapter Two Test Vocab Flashcards

(106 cards)

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0
Q

Unicellular

A

An organism made up of one cell (ex: bacteria)

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1
Q

Organisms

A

Living things that are very different but all share 6 of the same characteristics

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2
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism made up of more than one cell (ex: me)

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3
Q

Name the 6 characteristics of life

A

Made of cells Made of similar chemicals Uses energy Grows and develops Responds to the world around them Reproduces

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4
Q

Name the 4 basic needs of life

A

Need water Needs energy Needs living space Needs stable internal conditions

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5
Q

Development

A

The process of change during life to become a more complex organism

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6
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

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7
Q

Response

A

An action or change in behavior

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8
Q

Reproduce

A

To produce offspring that are similar to the parents

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9
Q

Growth

A

The process of becoming larger

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10
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

The mistaken idea that living organisms rise from non-living objects

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11
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that get their energy from the sun

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12
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that get their energy from food

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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions

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14
Q

Francisco Redi

A

A scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation

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15
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

The scientist who ultimately disproved spontaneous generation

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16
Q

State the 3 parts of the cell theory

A

1) All living things come from cells 2) All living things are made of cells 3) Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things

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17
Q

Who was Robert Hooke?

A

•English scientist and inventor •One of the first people to observe cells •1663 he observed the cells of a slice of cork through a compound microscope he built himself •Hooke called them cells because they reminded him of tiny rectangular rooms

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18
Q

Who was Anton van Leuwenhoek?

A

•Amateur scientist who made his own lenses and constructed simple microscopes •First person to spot tiny single-celled organisms that we call bacteria. He first noticed these organisms on teeth scrapings. •Called them animacules.

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19
Q

Who were Schleiden and Shwan?

A

•Shleiden and Schwann’s observations that all plants were made of cells and all animals were made of cells led to: “All living things are made of cells.”

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20
Q

Who was Rudolph Virchow?

A

•Virchow proposed that new cells are formed ONLY from cells that already exist. This led to: “All cells come from cells.”

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21
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of structure and function in all living things

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22
Q

Body of a microscope

A

Support the eyepiece

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23
Q

Nosepiece

A

Holds objective lenses, magnifies by low, medium, and high power.

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24
Objectives
High- 40x Medium- 10x Low- 4x
25
Stage Clips
Holds the slide in place
26
Diaphragm
Wheel under stage, adjusts how much light is allowed
27
Light source
Located under stage and diaphragm, source of light
28
Eyepiece
The lens looked through, magnifies specimen 10 X
29
Aperture
Allows light through to brighten image of specimen
30
Stage
Supports the slide being used
31
Coarse adjustment knob
Moves body tube up and down
32
Fine adjustment knob
Focuses image of specimen
33
Base
Supports microscope
34
Magnification
The ability to make objects appear larger
35
Resolution
Clarity
36
Eukaryotes
Cell with a nucleus
37
Prokaryotes
Cells without a nucleus
38
Name a few differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Bacteria are much smaller in prokaryotes No nucleus No organelles except for ribosomes
39
Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Has a cell wall Has a cell membrane
40
Organelle
Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell
41
Cell membrane
Structure – plant cell: within the cell wall animal cell: outside boundry Function – controls which substances go in and out of the cell; substances travel through pores (holes) “selectively permeable”
42
Cell wall
A thick, rigid membrane made of a complex molecule named cellulose. It surrounds the plant cell and provides support and structure.
43
Vacuole
Structure – water-filled sacs Function – store food, water, and other materials
44
Lysosome
Function- Break down larger particles into smaller ones
45
Endoplasmic reticulum
Structure – maze of passageways •Smooth ER – no ribosomes •Rough ER – ribosomes Function – carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
46
Nucleus
Function-Controls all cell activities Structure- oval structure in the middle of the cell
47
Nucleolus
Function-where ribosomes are made Structure-inside nucleus
48
Mitochondria
Structure – rod-shaped Function – provide most of the energy cells need to carry out its functions
49
Golgi bodies
Structure – flattened sacs and tubes Function – receive proteins, package them for the job they need to do and deliver them to other parts of the cell
50
Ribosomes
Structure – small grain-like bodies Function – produce proteins Made in the nucleolus
51
Chloroplast
Structure – large, green Function – trap energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
52
Cytoplasm
Structure – gel-like fluid; constantly moving Function – contains all cell organelles
53
Living things that are very different but all share 6 of the same characteristics
Organisms
54
An organism made up of one cell (ex: bacteria)
Unicellular
55
An organism made up of more than one cell (ex: me)
Multicellular
56
Made of cells Made of similar chemicals Uses energy Grows and develops Responds to the world around them Reproduces
Name the 6 characteristics of life
57
Need water Needs energy Needs living space Needs stable internal conditions
Name the 4 basic needs of life
58
The process of change during life to become a more complex organism
Development
59
A change in an organism's surroundings that causes the organism to react
Stimulus
60
An action or change in behavior
Response
61
To produce offspring that are similar to the parents
Reproduce
62
The process of becoming larger
Growth
63
The mistaken idea that living organisms rise from non-living objects
Spontaneous generation
64
Organisms that get their energy from the sun
Autotrophs
65
Organisms that get their energy from food
Heterotrophs
66
Maintaining stable internal conditions
Homeostasis
67
A scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation
Francisco Redi
68
The scientist who ultimately disproved spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur
69
1) All living things come from cells 2) All living things are made of cells 3) Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things
State the 3 parts of the cell theory
70
•English scientist and inventor •One of the first people to observe cells •1663 he observed the cells of a slice of cork through a compound microscope he built himself •Hooke called them cells because they reminded him of tiny rectangular rooms
Who was Robert Hooke?
71
•Amateur scientist who made his own lenses and constructed simple microscopes •First person to spot tiny single-celled organisms that we call bacteria. He first noticed these organisms on teeth scrapings. •Called them animacules.
Who was Anton van Leuwenhoek?
72
•Shleiden and Schwann’s observations that all plants were made of cells and all animals were made of cells led to: “All living things are made of cells.”
Who were Schleiden and Shwan?
73
•Virchow proposed that new cells are formed ONLY from cells that already exist. This led to: “All cells come from cells.”
Who was Rudolph Virchow?
74
Basic unit of structure and function in all living things
Cells
75
Support the eyepiece
Body of a microscope
76
Holds objective lenses, magnifies by low, medium, and high power.
Nosepiece
77
High- 40x Medium- 10x Low- 4x
Objectives
78
Holds the slide in place
Stage Clips
79
Wheel under stage, adjusts how much light is allowed
Diaphragm
80
Located under stage and diaphragm, source of light
Light source
81
The lens looked through, magnifies specimen 10 X
Eyepiece
82
Allows light through to brighten image of specimen
Aperture
83
Supports the slide being used
Stage
84
Moves body tube up and down
Coarse adjustment knob
85
Focuses image of specimen
Fine adjustment knob
86
Supports microscope
Base
87
The ability to make objects appear larger
Magnification
88
Clarity
Resolution
89
Cell with a nucleus
Eukaryotes
90
Cells without a nucleus
Prokaryotes
91
Bacteria are much smaller in prokaryotes No nucleus No organelles except for ribosomes
Name a few differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
92
Has a cell wall Has a cell membrane
Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
93
Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell
Organelle
94
Structure – plant cell: within the cell wall animal cell: outside boundry Function – controls which substances go in and out of the cell; substances travel through pores (holes) “selectively permeable”
Cell membrane
95
A thick, rigid membrane made of a complex molecule named cellulose. It surrounds the plant cell and provides support and structure.
Cell wall
96
Structure – water-filled sacs Function – store food, water, and other materials
Vacuole
97
Function- Break down larger particles into smaller ones
Lysosome
98
Structure – maze of passageways •Smooth ER – no ribosomes •Rough ER – ribosomes Function – carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic reticulum
99
Function-Controls all cell activities Structure- oval structure in the middle of the cell
Nucleus
100
Function-where ribosomes are made Structure-inside nucleus
Nucleolus
101
Structure – rod-shaped Function – provide most of the energy cells need to carry out its functions
Mitochondria
102
Structure – flattened sacs and tubes Function – receive proteins, package them for the job they need to do and deliver them to other parts of the cell
Golgi bodies
103
Structure – small grain-like bodies Function – produce proteins Made in the nucleolus
Ribosomes
104
Structure – large, green Function – trap energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
Chloroplast
105
Structure – gel-like fluid; constantly moving Function – contains all cell organelles
Cytoplasm

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