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Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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2
Q

What are the two types of interactions?

A

Biotic and abiotic factors.

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3
Q

How does temperature impact with how we behave?

A

Feeling cold/feeling hot is interaction.

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4
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Factors that involve non living organisms.

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5
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Factors that involve living organisms.

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6
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors?

A

water, salt, food, temperature

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7
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

animals and plants

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8
Q

What are the four levels of organization?

A
  1. Population
  2. Community
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Biosphere
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9
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals all of the same species living in a particular geographic area.

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10
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations living in a given area.

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11
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The community plus the nonliving environment.

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12
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

All the ecosystems .

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13
Q

What is a niche?

A

The functional role and organism plays in an ecosystem.

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14
Q

What are examples of niches?

A
  1. how you interact with the people around you
  2. food-what you eat and when you eat it
  3. Where you live.
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15
Q

What is the survivorship curve?

A

When there’s a low infant mortality and the offspring have a good chance of surviving. Most individuals die of old age. There’s a low birth rate and a high level parental care.

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16
Q

What is the infant mortality of growth curve one?

A

Low because they survive well into adulthood.

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17
Q

What kind of animal does the 1st growth curve represent?

A

Humans, dogs, and other higher mammals.

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18
Q

What is the birth rate of the survorship curve 1?

A

low

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19
Q

What is the level of parental care in survivorship1?

A

high

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20
Q

What is the rate of death for the second curve?

A

constant rate of death

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21
Q

What are examples of organisms in population curve 2?

A

small mammals, plants

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22
Q

What is the birth rate of survivorship curve 3?

A

produces a lot of offsprings

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23
Q

What is the parental care of 3 like?

A

little or no parental care

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24
Q

What are examples of organisms in 3?

A

fish, trees

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25
What do they produce in large numbers?
Thye produce in large numbers because most of the offsprings die before they are born
26
What is the first growth curve?
exponential growth curve
27
What is the exponential growth curve?
The population grows bigger and faster
28
What is higher in the exponential growth rate?
birth rate
29
Under what circumstance does this circumstance happen?
abundant water food no pollution
30
What happens as the population increases?
The population ruins their perfect environment
31
What is the carrying capacity?
max population an organism can support with no lasting damage
32
How long can organism stay at its carrying capacity?
not long
33
What is the exponential growth with a crash?
When the crash takes place long before it reaches the K because of lack of resources
34
What is density?
How crowded a population can be
35
What is the density independent factor?
nothing to do with the corresponding factor | ex: hurricane,fires
36
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37
What is logistic growth?
The growth accelerates up to the inflection point and then levels out and decelerates.
38
What is the destiny dependent factor?
environmental sources ex: food, space, water pollution, disease
39
What is mimicry?
learns to look like a harmful organism, so it doesn't get eaten ex: coral snake, viceroy
40
How does the viceroy perform mimicry?
It mimics the monarch butterfly, which is harmful because it produces certain toxins which taste bad to birds.
41
Is it possible for two harmful species to look alike?
yes, because it reduces the learning curve
42
What is symbiosis?
close relationships between two species | ex: algae, fungi
43
What commensalism?
benefits only one party, but the other party is unaffected
44
What is parasitism?
benefits one party, and the other organism is harmed in he process
45
What is ecological succession?
an orderly process of community change it involves the dominant species in the community
46
how much time does it usually take?
10-20 yrs
47
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48
What is primary succession?
goes from nothing to a full forest Key: no soil, starts from sa starting point (rock or glacier)
49
What causes an environment to go to the primary stage?
landslide can destroy everything leaving nothing but rock
50
How does rock got to a forest?
rock---lichen---moss---grasses---shrubs---trees
51
What is the last stage of succession?
trees
52
What is the secondary stage of succession?
new community is formed after a disturbance destroy the old community, and makes a new one ex: flooding
53
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k
54
What is the climax community?
final stable end result
55
What do some scientist say about the climax?
some ecologists say no such things as a climax community
56
What is the ecosystem productivity?
how the food moves through the ecosystem
57
What is the gross primary productivity?
all of the photosynthesis done by plants also the kemosynthesis
58
What is the net?
leftover food not used by the plants available to the animals. only animals have access to this
59
What is the food chain?
sequence of organism which energy passes
60
What is an example of a food chain?
diatom--small shrimp(krill)--diatom
61
What is another of a food chain?
grass--antelope--lion
62
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
a food web has different food levels
63
What are trophic levels?
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64
What are the trophic levels?
1) producer 2) primary consumer 3) secondary consumer 4) tertiary consumer 5) decomposers
65
What are producers?
The autotrophs
66
What are primary consumer?
herbivores
67
What are secondary consumers?
carnivores, parasites, scavengers
68
What are tertiary consumers
l
69
What are decomposers?
bateria and fungi
70
How much of the energy is traveled from level to level?
10 percent of the entry is traveled from level to level
71
How many trophic levels does the average food chain have?
4-5
72
What happens when the organism do cellular respiration?
it loses its energy in heat
73
Does an organism use everything it takes?
no
74
What is 90 percent of the food?
food not eaten
75
What are the types of pyramids?
Pyramids of Mass Pyramids of productivity Pyramids of energy
76
What is a biome?
large geographic region with a certain climate and a specific plant or animal community
77
What are the 7 major land biomes?
1. tundra 2. taiga 3. temperate deciduous 4. temperate grassland 5. Savanna 6. desert 7. Tropical`
78
What is the tundra?
A biome located near the north pole, and it is cold year round. Winter is for 10 months and summer is for two months
79
What is permafrost?
soil that is the frozen solid, it never melts, and prevents the trees form forming roots
80
What is the taiga?
It has conifer trees | long cold winters, short warm summers, snowy from Sept-May,
81
Whites the temperate dedidous climate?
The desirous trees go thru winter with no leaves and the summer and spring. It has four distinct season, Central US, can Asia
82
What is Temp. Grassland?
It has no trees primarily because of wind conditions always, primary farmland, rich soil, prarie, cen Us
83
What is Savanna?
Tropical semi tropical, its primary plant is grass, Temp. hot, Its season is dry heat and rainy season
84
What is tropical
It is located near the equator, has tall trees, abundant rainfall, rainy season all year long many species.
85
What is the nutrient cycle?
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86
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