Families of Organic Compounds

Question 1

What is the first family of organic compounds?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

What elements make up a carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 3

What is the ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen in terms of the number of molecules?

Answer 3

2:1

Question 4

What is the first type of carbohydrate?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

What is another name for a monosaccharide?

Answer 5

Simple sugars.

Question 6

What does monosaccharide mean?

Answer 6

One sugar

Question 7

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

What is the chemical compostion of glucose?

Answer 8

C6H1206

Question 9

How many carbon atoms does a monosaccharide have?

Answer 9

Anywhere from 3 to 7 carbon atoms

Question 10

How many carbon atoms do most monosaccharides have?

Answer 10

5 atoms (pentose) or 6 atoms (hexose)

Question 11

Why do our cells need carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Cells die without energy.

Question 12

How do carbs work?

Answer 12

An enzyme called amalyze breaks down the carbs which have energy stored in them.

Question 13

What is the second type of Carbohydrate?

Answer 13

Disaccharides

Question 14

What is another name for disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Complex sugars.

Question 15

What does disaccharide mean?

Answer 15

Two sugars.

Question 16

How many monosacharides are in a disaccharide?

Answer 16

Two.

Question 17

What are two examples of disaccharides?

Answer 17

Sucrose and lactose

Question 18

What are the chemical compositions of sucrose and lactose?

Answer 18

C12H22O11

Question 19

What is the third type of carbohydrate?

Answer 19

Polysaccharides

Question 20

What does polysaccharide mean?

Answer 20

Many sugars

Question 21

How many monosaccharides are in a polysaccharide?

Answer 21

Many. A Polysaccharide is a polymer of Monosaccharides.

Question 22

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 22

Cellulose, glycogen, and starches.

Question 23

How many monosaccharides are in cellulose?

Answer 23

about 2000 units

Question 24

What is the function of cellulose in life?

Answer 24

Cellulose makes up strong cell walls.

Question 25

How many monosaccharides are in glycogen?

Answer 25

About 12-18 units.

Question 26

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 26

Glycogen stores excess carbs in animals.

Question 27

Where is most of the glycogen located in the body?

Answer 27

the liver

Question 28

What are starches?

Answer 28

The complex carbs that store excess carbs in plants

Question 29

What makes a starch different from other carbs?

Answer 29

Starches have branching stems

Question 30

What is the second family of organic compounds?

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

What elements make up a lipid?

Answer 31

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 32

What is the ratio between Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?

Answer 32

There is no ratio, but there are more hydrogen molecules in a lipid than in a Carbohydrate.

Question 33

What is the first type of lipid?

Answer 33

Fatty acids

Question 34

What is the chemical formula for a carboxyl group?

Answer 34

O || C-O-H COOH or CO2H

Question 35

What is the chemical composition of a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 35

H H H H H H H H H O | | | | | | | | | || H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H | | | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H

Question 36

What are the types of fatty acids?

Answer 36

Saturated fats, poly unsaturated fats, and unsaturated fat

Question 37

What is the chemical composition of a monosaccharide?

Answer 37

H H H H H H | | | | | | H-C-C-C-C-C-C | | || | | | O O O O O O | | | | | H H H H H

Question 38

What are examples of a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 38

Butter and margerine

Question 39

What is the second type of fatty acid?

Answer 39

Unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 40

What is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 40

Corn oil.

Question 41

What is the chemical composition of an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 41

H H H H H H H O | | | | | | | || H-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H | | | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H

Question 42

What is an example of a poly unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 42

nuts

Question 43

What is the chemical composition of a poly unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 43

H H H H H O | | | | | || H-C-C-C=C-C=C-C-C-C-O-H | | | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H

Question 44

What is the second type of lipid?

Answer 44

Fat

Question 45

What makes up a fat?

Answer 45

Three fatty acids and a glycerol.

Question 46

What is given out as waste when the fat is created?

Answer 46

H20

Question 47

What is the chemical composition of glycerol?

Answer 47

H H H | | | O O O | | | H-C-C-C-H | | | H H H

Question 48

What is the third type of lipid?

Answer 48

Steriods

Question 49

What is an example of a steriod?

Answer 49

cholesterol

Question 50

What is one of the functions of a lipid?

Answer 50

To store energy

Question 51

What are steriods used for?

Answer 51

They are a part of the cell membrane

Question 52

What happens when there are too many or too less lipids n your body?

Answer 52

That is bad. There needs to be a balance.

Question 53

What type of steroid makes up a cell membrane?

Answer 53

Phospolipds

Question 54

What makes up a phospolipid?

Answer 54

Three phospate groups connected to a glycerol

Question 55

What is the third family of organic compounds?

Answer 55

Proteins

Question 56

What elements make up a protein?

Answer 56

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

Question 57

What is a polymer?

Answer 57

A long chain of repeating units

Question 58

What is a protein?

Answer 58

A polymer of amino acids

Question 59

How many amino acids are in a protein?

Answer 59

300-500

Question 60

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 60

NH2