Chapters 1-3 Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
items and products used in the prevention and treatment of oral disease
A
dental materials
2
Q
what are four examples of dental materials?
A
tools and products used to do any dental procedure
filling materials
tooth whitening materials
prophy paste
3
Q
what type of dental materials do hygienists typically use?
A
preventative
4
Q
what is the purpose of studying dental materials?
A
understand the behavior of materials
handle materials properly
assess and treat the patient
educate the patient
5
Q
the council on scientific affairs of the ada evaluates ________, _______, __________, and _________
A
dental drugs, materials, instruments, and equipment
6
Q
evaluation through the council on scientific affairs of the ada involves submitting data to prove that the dental material is _______ and ______
A
safe and effective
7
Q
successful evaluation of the ada is called what?
A
ada seal
8
Q
is the ada seal required for dental products?
A
no
9
Q
who has to approve dental products in order to be sold?
A
fda
10
Q
least regulated; only good manufacturing is required (prophy paste and brushes)
A
class I medical devices
11
Q
gain ada approval after being shown to be equivalent to products currently in use (composite and amalgam)
A
class II medical devices
12
Q
most regulated; require premarket approval by the fda (bone graft material)
A
class III medical devices
13
Q
products that are marked with a symbol on their packaging have been approved by who?
A
international standards organization
14
Q
tooth colored restoration material
A
composite
15
Q
silver filling restorative material
A
amalgam
16
Q
are composite and amalgam restorations completed intraorally or extra orally?
A
intraorally
17
Q
restoration that covers areas between cusps
A
inlays
18
Q
restoration that covers at least one whole cusp
A
onlays
19
Q
are inlays and onlays made inside or outside of the mouth?
A
outside
20
Q
used to restore teeth when a substantial amount of tooth structure is missing
A
crowns
21
Q
crowns cover and support the remaining tooth structure and are __________
A
cemented in place
22
Q
what materials can crowns be made of?
A
gold, porcelain, or metal
23
Q
replace a lost tooth or teeth
A
bridges
24
Q
replaces the missing tooth/teeth
A
pontic
25
parts of bridge that are crowned to support pontic
abutment
26
are bridges fabricated inside or outside of the mouth?
outside
27
complete and partial dentures can replace missing _____, _______, and _________ after teeth have been lost
teeth, bone, and gingiva
28
a negative copy of intra-oral structure (puddy like substance called alginate)
impression
29
positive copy of structure that results when stone is poured into an alginate impression
cast
30
study models and diagnosis casts are when completed stone casts are used to study the size and position of intraoral tissues
models
31
hold things together
luting agents
32
placed between tissue and dental materials to provide protection
bases and liners
33
planned to be replaced in a short amount of time
temporary materials
34
prevent injury during athletic activities
mouthguards
35
protects teeth/tmj from effects of clenching or grinding
nightguards
36
prevent decay
sealants
37
remove stain, plaque, and debris
polishing materials
38
bands/elastics/ortho brackets
specialty materials
39
typically screws or posts anchored into alveolar bone to support a restoration
implant materials
40
dental materials can be classified by what three things?
use
location of fabrication
longevity of use
41
materials used to replace lost oral tissue
restorative materials
42
restorative materials that simulate the appearance of what they are replacing
esthetic materials
43
restorations that are constructed directly in the oral cavity
direct restorative materials
44
materials fabricated outside of the mouth because processing conditions would harm the oral tissues
indirect restorative materials
45
what are the three classifications by longevity of use?
permanent, temporary, and interim
46
atomic bonds are weak and easily broken, have no molecular organization, and take on the shape of the container they fill
atomic bonds in gases
47
the atomic bonds are stronger than gases, but not strong enough to carry a load or maintain shape without support, with chains repeating 5-10 times
atomic bonds in liquids
48
a consistent spatial relationship between the atoms, but they are still short enough to allow for fluidity
short range order
49
strongest attraction between atoms and molecules, maintain shape and resist external forces
atomic bonds in solids
50
have strong atomic bonds with long-range order
crystalline solids
51
have strong atomic bonds with short-range order
amorphous solids
52
the strong bonds between atoms that involve the transfer or sharing of electrons
primary bonds
53
result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons around an atom or molecule
secondary bonds
54
what are the three types of primary bonds?
ionic, covalent, and metallic
55
results when an electron is given up by and atom and accepted by another
ionic bonds
56
in an ionic bond, the atoms that gives up the electron becomes a ______ ion
positive
57
in an ionic bond, the atom that receives the electron becomes a _______ ion
negative
58
when two atoms share a pair of electrons
covalent bonds
59
sharing many electrons by all the atoms in the material
metallic bonds
60
the result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons
secondary bonds
61
what are the types of secondary bonds?
permanent dipoles, hydrogen bonds, and fluctuating dipoles
62
weak bond but have a significant effect on the behavior of electrons
permanent dipoles
63
strongest secondary bond
hydrogen bond
64
weakest secondary bond
fluctuating bond
65
held together with metallic bonds
metals
66
the atoms of a _______ material are bonded with ionic bonds
ceramic
67
ceramic materials are ______ when compressed, but ______ and ______ when pulled or bent
strong, weak and brittle
68
the advantage of using ceramic materials is the range of ________
colors
69
_______ or plastics are made of long chains of covalently bonded, repeating units
polymers
70
polymers that are soft, weak, and flexible
plastics or rubber
71
polymers that are hard, stiff, and strong
resins or glassy polymers
72
used to make bleaching trays, fluoride trays, and oral appliances
moldable polymers
73
materials that are made of two or more different materials
composities
74
composites are a common mixture of _____ and _______
polymer and ceramic
75
a mixture of two-phase materials: gases, liquids, or solids
colloids
76
colloids are _____ of one material in another
suspensions
77
the ideal restorative material would be ______ to natural tooth structure in strength, adherence, and appearance
identical
78
restorative materials should be mechanically ______ and _______
resistant to _______ and
dimensionally ________
stable and durable
corrosion
stable
79
describe mass, energy, force, light, heat, electricity, and other properties
physical properties
80
subgroup of physical properties that describe a materials ability to resist forces
mechanical properties
81
describe the setting reactions as well as the decay or degradation of materials
chemical properties
82
the effects the materials have on living tissue
biological properties
83
the amount or mass of a material in a given volume
density
84
as the atomic number increases, so does the ______
density
85
higher density =
heavier
86
when an object melts or boils, the atomic bonds between the atoms or molecules are broken by the _______ of the material
thermal energy
87
a measure of a liquid's tendency to evaporate and become a gas
vapor pressure
88
as the temperature of a liquid increases, the vapor pressure _______
increases
89
materials with a low vapor pressure ________ evaporate quickly
do not
90
materials with a high vapor pressure evaporate at ________
room temperature
91
the rate of heat flow through a material
thermal conductivity
92
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a material
heat capacity
93
amount of energy required to melt a material
heat of fusion
94
amount of energy required to boil a material
heat of vaporization
95
a measure of the change in volume in relation to the change in temperature
coefficient of thermal expansion
96
the opening and closing of gaps around materials
percolation
97
electrical conductivity affects _____
corrosion
98
the ability of a material to flow
viscosity
99
viscosity is dependent on _______
temperature
100
the ability of a viscous material to flow easily enough that it can do what it is supposed to
wetting
101
high viscosity = high contact angle =
poor wetting
102
low viscosity = low contact angle =
good wetting
103
used to measure the hardness of softer materials like alginate for impressions
durometers
104
wear resistance of a dental material
abrasion resistance
105
the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation
hardness
106
amount of material that dissolves in a liquid such as water
solubility
107
when a material absorbs water
water sorption
108
the strength or color saturation of a certain hue
chroma
109
the ability of a material to expand from its original shape when force is applied and its ability to contract back into that shape when a force is released
elasticity
110
the change in length divided by the original length
strain
111
the force that develops in a loaded object
stress
112
pushing/crushing stress
compression
113
pulling stress
tension
114
sliding stress
shear
115
twisting stress
torsion
116
compression + tension stress
bending
117
ability of a material to absorb energy without becoming deformed
resilience
118
the amount of energy a material can absorb before it breaks
toughness
119
measure of energy required to fracture a material when a crack in present
fracture toughness
120
the amount of stress a material can take over time before it breaks or fails
fatigue
121
small changes in shape that occur when a material is under continuous compression
creep
122
seeping and leaking of fluids and bacteria between the tooth and restoration junction
microleakage
123
dental materials are chemical substances and as such may cause harm
toxic effects
124
caries affecting pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
class I caries
125
carries affecting proximal surfaces on molars and premolars
class II caries
126
caries affecting proximal surface of anterior teeth
class III caries
127
caries affecting proximal including incisor angles of anterior teeth
class IV caries
128
caries affecting gingival 1/3 of facial or lingual surfaces of anterior or posterior teeth
class V caries
129
caries affecting incise edges of all anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth
class VI caries
