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Semester 2 Dental Materials > Chapters 1-3 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-3 Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

items and products used in the prevention and treatment of oral disease

A

dental materials

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2
Q

what are four examples of dental materials?

A

tools and products used to do any dental procedure
filling materials
tooth whitening materials
prophy paste

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3
Q

what type of dental materials do hygienists typically use?

A

preventative

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4
Q

what is the purpose of studying dental materials?

A

understand the behavior of materials
handle materials properly
assess and treat the patient
educate the patient

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5
Q

the council on scientific affairs of the ada evaluates ________, _______, __________, and _________

A

dental drugs, materials, instruments, and equipment

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6
Q

evaluation through the council on scientific affairs of the ada involves submitting data to prove that the dental material is _______ and ______

A

safe and effective

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7
Q

successful evaluation of the ada is called what?

A

ada seal

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8
Q

is the ada seal required for dental products?

A

no

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9
Q

who has to approve dental products in order to be sold?

A

fda

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10
Q

least regulated; only good manufacturing is required (prophy paste and brushes)

A

class I medical devices

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11
Q

gain ada approval after being shown to be equivalent to products currently in use (composite and amalgam)

A

class II medical devices

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12
Q

most regulated; require premarket approval by the fda (bone graft material)

A

class III medical devices

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13
Q

products that are marked with a symbol on their packaging have been approved by who?

A

international standards organization

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14
Q

tooth colored restoration material

A

composite

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15
Q

silver filling restorative material

A

amalgam

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16
Q

are composite and amalgam restorations completed intraorally or extra orally?

A

intraorally

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17
Q

restoration that covers areas between cusps

A

inlays

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18
Q

restoration that covers at least one whole cusp

A

onlays

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19
Q

are inlays and onlays made inside or outside of the mouth?

A

outside

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20
Q

used to restore teeth when a substantial amount of tooth structure is missing

A

crowns

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21
Q

crowns cover and support the remaining tooth structure and are __________

A

cemented in place

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22
Q

what materials can crowns be made of?

A

gold, porcelain, or metal

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23
Q

replace a lost tooth or teeth

A

bridges

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24
Q

replaces the missing tooth/teeth

A

pontic

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25
Q

parts of bridge that are crowned to support pontic

A

abutment

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26
Q

are bridges fabricated inside or outside of the mouth?

A

outside

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27
Q

complete and partial dentures can replace missing _____, _______, and _________ after teeth have been lost

A

teeth, bone, and gingiva

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28
Q

a negative copy of intra-oral structure (puddy like substance called alginate)

A

impression

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29
Q

positive copy of structure that results when stone is poured into an alginate impression

A

cast

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30
Q

study models and diagnosis casts are when completed stone casts are used to study the size and position of intraoral tissues

A

models

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31
Q

hold things together

A

luting agents

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32
Q

placed between tissue and dental materials to provide protection

A

bases and liners

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33
Q

planned to be replaced in a short amount of time

A

temporary materials

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34
Q

prevent injury during athletic activities

A

mouthguards

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35
Q

protects teeth/tmj from effects of clenching or grinding

A

nightguards

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36
Q

prevent decay

A

sealants

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37
Q

remove stain, plaque, and debris

A

polishing materials

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38
Q

bands/elastics/ortho brackets

A

specialty materials

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39
Q

typically screws or posts anchored into alveolar bone to support a restoration

A

implant materials

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40
Q

dental materials can be classified by what three things?

A

use
location of fabrication
longevity of use

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41
Q

materials used to replace lost oral tissue

A

restorative materials

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42
Q

restorative materials that simulate the appearance of what they are replacing

A

esthetic materials

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43
Q

restorations that are constructed directly in the oral cavity

A

direct restorative materials

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44
Q

materials fabricated outside of the mouth because processing conditions would harm the oral tissues

A

indirect restorative materials

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45
Q

what are the three classifications by longevity of use?

A

permanent, temporary, and interim

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46
Q

atomic bonds are weak and easily broken, have no molecular organization, and take on the shape of the container they fill

A

atomic bonds in gases

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47
Q

the atomic bonds are stronger than gases, but not strong enough to carry a load or maintain shape without support, with chains repeating 5-10 times

A

atomic bonds in liquids

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48
Q

a consistent spatial relationship between the atoms, but they are still short enough to allow for fluidity

A

short range order

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49
Q

strongest attraction between atoms and molecules, maintain shape and resist external forces

A

atomic bonds in solids

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50
Q

have strong atomic bonds with long-range order

A

crystalline solids

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51
Q

have strong atomic bonds with short-range order

A

amorphous solids

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52
Q

the strong bonds between atoms that involve the transfer or sharing of electrons

A

primary bonds

53
Q

result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons around an atom or molecule

A

secondary bonds

54
Q

what are the three types of primary bonds?

A

ionic, covalent, and metallic

55
Q

results when an electron is given up by and atom and accepted by another

A

ionic bonds

56
Q

in an ionic bond, the atoms that gives up the electron becomes a ______ ion

A

positive

57
Q

in an ionic bond, the atom that receives the electron becomes a _______ ion

A

negative

58
Q

when two atoms share a pair of electrons

A

covalent bonds

59
Q

sharing many electrons by all the atoms in the material

A

metallic bonds

60
Q

the result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons

A

secondary bonds

61
Q

what are the types of secondary bonds?

A

permanent dipoles, hydrogen bonds, and fluctuating dipoles

62
Q

weak bond but have a significant effect on the behavior of electrons

A

permanent dipoles

63
Q

strongest secondary bond

A

hydrogen bond

64
Q

weakest secondary bond

A

fluctuating bond

65
Q

held together with metallic bonds

A

metals

66
Q

the atoms of a _______ material are bonded with ionic bonds

A

ceramic

67
Q

ceramic materials are ______ when compressed, but ______ and ______ when pulled or bent

A

strong, weak and brittle

68
Q

the advantage of using ceramic materials is the range of ________

A

colors

69
Q

_______ or plastics are made of long chains of covalently bonded, repeating units

A

polymers

70
Q

polymers that are soft, weak, and flexible

A

plastics or rubber

71
Q

polymers that are hard, stiff, and strong

A

resins or glassy polymers

72
Q

used to make bleaching trays, fluoride trays, and oral appliances

A

moldable polymers

73
Q

materials that are made of two or more different materials

A

composities

74
Q

composites are a common mixture of _____ and _______

A

polymer and ceramic

75
Q

a mixture of two-phase materials: gases, liquids, or solids

A

colloids

76
Q

colloids are _____ of one material in another

A

suspensions

77
Q

the ideal restorative material would be ______ to natural tooth structure in strength, adherence, and appearance

A

identical

78
Q

restorative materials should be mechanically ______ and _______
resistant to _______ and
dimensionally ________

A

stable and durable
corrosion
stable

79
Q

describe mass, energy, force, light, heat, electricity, and other properties

A

physical properties

80
Q

subgroup of physical properties that describe a materials ability to resist forces

A

mechanical properties

81
Q

describe the setting reactions as well as the decay or degradation of materials

A

chemical properties

82
Q

the effects the materials have on living tissue

A

biological properties

83
Q

the amount or mass of a material in a given volume

A

density

84
Q

as the atomic number increases, so does the ______

A

density

85
Q

higher density =

A

heavier

86
Q

when an object melts or boils, the atomic bonds between the atoms or molecules are broken by the _______ of the material

A

thermal energy

87
Q

a measure of a liquid’s tendency to evaporate and become a gas

A

vapor pressure

88
Q

as the temperature of a liquid increases, the vapor pressure _______

A

increases

89
Q

materials with a low vapor pressure ________ evaporate quickly

A

do not

90
Q

materials with a high vapor pressure evaporate at ________

A

room temperature

91
Q

the rate of heat flow through a material

A

thermal conductivity

92
Q

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a material

A

heat capacity

93
Q

amount of energy required to melt a material

A

heat of fusion

94
Q

amount of energy required to boil a material

A

heat of vaporization

95
Q

a measure of the change in volume in relation to the change in temperature

A

coefficient of thermal expansion

96
Q

the opening and closing of gaps around materials

A

percolation

97
Q

electrical conductivity affects _____

A

corrosion

98
Q

the ability of a material to flow

A

viscosity

99
Q

viscosity is dependent on _______

A

temperature

100
Q

the ability of a viscous material to flow easily enough that it can do what it is supposed to

A

wetting

101
Q

high viscosity = high contact angle =

A

poor wetting

102
Q

low viscosity = low contact angle =

A

good wetting

103
Q

used to measure the hardness of softer materials like alginate for impressions

A

durometers

104
Q

wear resistance of a dental material

A

abrasion resistance

105
Q

the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation

A

hardness

106
Q

amount of material that dissolves in a liquid such as water

A

solubility

107
Q

when a material absorbs water

A

water sorption

108
Q

the strength or color saturation of a certain hue

A

chroma

109
Q

the ability of a material to expand from its original shape when force is applied and its ability to contract back into that shape when a force is released

A

elasticity

110
Q

the change in length divided by the original length

A

strain

111
Q

the force that develops in a loaded object

A

stress

112
Q

pushing/crushing stress

A

compression

113
Q

pulling stress

A

tension

114
Q

sliding stress

A

shear

115
Q

twisting stress

A

torsion

116
Q

compression + tension stress

A

bending

117
Q

ability of a material to absorb energy without becoming deformed

A

resilience

118
Q

the amount of energy a material can absorb before it breaks

A

toughness

119
Q

measure of energy required to fracture a material when a crack in present

A

fracture toughness

120
Q

the amount of stress a material can take over time before it breaks or fails

A

fatigue

121
Q

small changes in shape that occur when a material is under continuous compression

A

creep

122
Q

seeping and leaking of fluids and bacteria between the tooth and restoration junction

A

microleakage

123
Q

dental materials are chemical substances and as such may cause harm

A

toxic effects

124
Q

caries affecting pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth

A

class I caries

125
Q

carries affecting proximal surfaces on molars and premolars

A

class II caries

126
Q

caries affecting proximal surface of anterior teeth

A

class III caries

127
Q

caries affecting proximal including incisor angles of anterior teeth

A

class IV caries

128
Q

caries affecting gingival 1/3 of facial or lingual surfaces of anterior or posterior teeth

A

class V caries

129
Q

caries affecting incise edges of all anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth

A

class VI caries

Semester 2 Dental Materials (8 decks)

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