Chapters 1-4 - Exam 1 Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
What makes life worth living:
A
Metaphysical
2
Q
How do we know what we know:
A
Epistemological
3
Q
Concept of what it means to be human:
A
Anthropological
4
Q
How we find what is worth while:
A
Theism/Idealism
5
Q
Core principle / List of Do’s and Don’ts:
A
An Ethic / Ethics
6
Q
What is the meaning of the word Metaphysical?
A
What is reality
7
Q
What is the word for Where do we find the confidence of knowing what we know:
A
Epistemological
8
Q
Putting something on a pedestal:
A
Theism
9
Q
Someone telling you what to put on a pedestal:
A
Idealism
10
Q
The study of the ultimate characteristics of reality or existence:
A
Metaphysics
11
Q
The study of knowledge, identifying and developing criteria and methodologies for what we know and why we know it:
A
Epistemology
12
Q
The study of moral values and principles:
A
Ethics
13
Q
The study of social values and political forms of government
A
Political and Social Philosophy
14
Q
The study of beauty, art, and taste:
A
Aesthetics
15
Q
The branch of philosophy that seeks to establish the rules of correct reasoning, clear understanding and valid arguments
A
Logic
16
Q
The love of wisdom:
A
Philosophy
17
Q
Philaen:
A
Love
18
Q
Sophia:
A
Wisdom
19
Q
In this term, I am the subject:
A
Subjective Fallacy
20
Q
What I believe or want to believe is true.. Despite the facts:
A
Subjective Fallacy
21
Q
Argument, which means “to the man” rather than “to the issue,”:
A
Ad Hominem
22
Q
We attack the messenger instead of attacking the message:
A
Ad Hominem
23
Q
The truth is in you..
We settle for lesser ideas..
We all just need to think..
A
Servant of Meno
24
Q
Awakening…gad fly prodding, pushing people to think:
A
Socratic Method
25
Exploration and interplay of ideas in discussions with others, it was through these experiences that he developed what has come to be known as the
Socratic Method
26
Sophists:
Man is the measure of his own realities.
No ______.
So, no “justice”
Truths
27
Socrates say we know from _______, a ____ feeling:
Within (Soul)
| Gut
28
We are easily distracted by pleasures or busy-ness of each day. Were not pushed to think beyond the obvious. This is an _________ _________
Anthropological Problem
29
Anthropological Problem:
We are ________ ________ through life.
Ignorance is ________ ________.
Sleep walking
| Not bliss
30
A reasoning soul is a residual ________.
Spark
31
Socrates:
| A wise man knows...
He knows nothing at all.
32
Socrates:
| Know thyself...
The truth lies within you.
33
Socrates:
| Reasoning is a quiet urging of the ________.
Soul.
34
Socrates:
| The unexamined life is....
a life not worth living.
35
Socrates:
| No one knowingly does ________.
Evil.
36
Socrates:
| To know The Good.....
Is to do the good.
37
Socrates:
| Strive for.....
Excellences in all you do.
38
If there is justice, it is better to be ________ throughout this life so one need not fear what is to come.
Virtuous
39
Socrates Death:
Justice for a life _______ _______.
Justice for a life _______ _______ _______.
Well lived
| Not well lived
40
Socrates Death:
| He was found guilty by _______ _______.
Majority vote
41
Find Your ______.
| Commit to it!
Truth
42
We all need to live for something.
| If not....
Life is meaningless
43
We are defined by a _______ or _______.
| This _______ or _______ is a constant in a world of changing experience.
Core
| Essence
44
The _______:
We are defined by a core or essence.
This core or essence is a constant in a world of changing experience:
Avocado
45
We are defined by our “________”
more than a distinct, determining core.
This layering is produced by our constant streams of experience.
Layering
46
We are defined by our “layering”
more than a distinct, determining core.
This layering is produced by our constant .....
Streams of experience
47
The _________ Metaphor:
We are defined by our “layering”
than a distinct, determining core.
This layering is produced by our constant streams of experience.
Artichoke
48
The Self is our _______ ________.
Core essence
49
The Avocado:
| Four parts of our core or essence:
Creational
Rational
Emotional
Spiritual
50
God created all we see in nature.
| God breathed “his breath” (spirit, essence) into man. This is part of the _________ self
Creational
51
The mind, free will, knowing the good.
| This is part of the _________ self
Rational
52
The heart, to love and care and cultivate.
| This is part of the _________ self
Moral
53
The soul, a sense of the Divine
| This is part of the _________ self
Spiritual
54
The conscience, a sense of disconnect
| This is part of the _________ self
Directional
55
Aristotle:
Reasoning minds reason rightly what is right and reasonable.
If not part of this group, then you are a....
Beast or God.
56
________ - In-Spirited-ness
Divinity
57
________ - Soul and Spirit
Duality
58
________ - Flesh and Spirit
Morality
59
________ - Death but promise of eternal life
Immortality
60
Parts of Plato's Tripartite are:
Reason
Spirited
Appetites
61
________ harnesses the wild horses of ________ and ________
Reason
Spirit
Appetite
62
Aristotle: The Soul of Reason is the Soul of “________”
Man
63
We are human because we have ________
Reason
64
Pathe is the plural of pathos, _________ and _________
Emotion
| Passion
65
Reason is a slave to ________.
Passion
66
Descarte:
| Deconstruct in order to ________.
Reconstruct
67
The view that reason is the primary source of all knowledge:
Rationalism
68
Cogito ergo sum!:
I think, therefore, I am.
69
I think, therefore, I am.:
Cogito ergo sum!
70
Descartes:
| Whether he is right or wrong about his thoughts is not material at this point. It is just the fact that he is ________.
Thinking
71
Laying a foundation for knowing
| by doubting all that I have come to know:
Radical Doubting
72
I am a ________ _________.
The “I” in “I am” is not a matter of
my flesh. It is immaterial.
Thinking self
73
I am a thinking self.
The “I” in “I am” is not a matter of
my flesh. It is _________.
Immaterial
74
Mind and Matter
Soul and Body
(immaterial is more “real”)
This is known as:
Dualism
75
The view that what we reason is the primary source of all knowledge and that only our reasoning abilities can enable us to interpret sense experience and reach accurate conclusions:
Rationalism
76
Descartes:
| What we believe in our head is real with or without science to prove it:
Rationalism
77
```
Descartes:
What is the self?
a continuous stream of thinking
applied to the world we live in.
This thinking comes from a “_______”
that is intermingled into the matter
of a human being
```
Soul
78
Descartes:
| The thinking soul is governed by the fact that :
God is good, non-deceiving
79
John Locke
| The self is _________.
Consciousness
80
________ - Experience and natural explanations are the determinant of what is real. Nothing exists outside the material world.
Empiricism
81
John Locke:
The self is consciousness but this
consciousness is not super-natural
or immaterial but _________.
Natural
82
John Locke:
One is a ________ when one is in a moment
of sensation or remembering a moment of sensation.
Self
83
John Locke:
We are “________” present in all forms of stimulation, though we can’t do an autopsy and
find the self.
Naturally
84
David Hume:
| There is no such thing as a ________.
Self
85
David Hume:
| We are just bundles of momentary ________ and memories of ________.
Senses
86
David Hume:
| Lively and vivid sense experiences are:
Impressions
87
David Hume:
Copies of impressions, memories
once removed from reality are:
Ideas
88
David Hume:
| Since memory often proves to be faulty, our only real sense of self is what accompanies __________.
Stimulation
89
Kant:
| We construct our “_______”
Self
90
Kant:
Fundamental organizing rules and
principles built into the
architecture of your mind:
Categories
91
Kant:
| This self is ________…already in me.
Innate
92
Kant:
There is a Unity of _________
Universal to all human beings.
Consciousness
93
Kant:
The Empirical Self
(the _________)
Artichoke
94
Kant:
The Transcendental Self
(the _________)
Avocado
95
Kant:
| We have the same “self” that makes sense out of sensation (_________).
Avocado
96
Kant:
| We all have different sensations (________)
Artichoke
97
Dr. Freud:
| The “________ _________” is the first “manufacturing” applied to our incoming sensations.
Pleasure principle
98
Dr. Freud:
| “_________ and _________” are sent to the brain where we consciously think about how we can “be happy”
Sensation
| Pleasure
99
Dr. Ryle:
| The body and the mind are subject to _________ laws even as every natural being is subject to laws of nature.
Mechanistic
100
________ - Our “freedom of choice” is
| caused or determined by forces beyond our control.
Determinism
101
________ - Every one of my
| behaviors can be traced to a cause; I act in accordance with “universal causal” principles.
Hard Determinism
102
________ - Every one of my behaviors can be traced to a cause, but I am “free” if I agree to go with the flow of causal forces and do not feel forced in a given direction. (motivation, passion)
Soft Determinism
103
Soft Determinism is __________
Compatibilism
104
________ - At least some (a few) human actions are not determined by previous events
in accordance with universal causal or material laws
Indeterminism
105
________ - Human freedom is possible because people are able to make genuinely free choices, exercising a free will.
Libertarianism
106
d'Holbach:
| Bits of nature are controlled by....
The laws of nature
107
Soft Determinism is __________
| We are free if we act without outside forces.
Compatibilism
108
```
Who said:
Religious thinking has more benefit
than negatives. Whether God is proven
or not, the “faith” makes for a better
way of living
```
William James
109
Soren Kierkegaard:
But God made us all to be unique and God made us all to have a full life.
The _______ kills both.
Crowd
110
Jean Paul Sartre:
| Existence precedes _________.
Essence
111
Jean Paul Sartre:
| Your _________ or Core-ness is not real.
Essence
112
Sartre’s Existentialism’s Fears are:
Angst
Abandonment
Despair
113
Which of Sartre’s Existentialism’s Fears is the following:
I am the only one responsible for my
present life and my future life.
I am condemned to be free.
Angst or Anguish
114
Which of Sartre’s Existentialism’s Fears is the following:
| There is no God, no narrative that guides me. I am fearfully free
Abandonment
115
Which of Sartre’s Existentialism’s Fears is the following:
There are forces in life that are beyond my control. Things will not always be easy. There is no God to rescue me. I am free but not in control.
Despair
116
Who said:
| Self fulfilled happiness can only be achieved by allowing your inner reasoning to control your spirits and appetites.
Plato
117
Who said:
Cogito, ergo sum- I think, therefore, I am. He taught that we should doubt all things we have been taught to accept without question
Descartes
118
Who said:
| There is no self! He believed the self’s existence depended on our consciousness of it.
Hume
119
Who said:
Unity of consciousness. Each one of us is our own center of the world. He taught that our experiences, our world, our universe, are all brought together by our own self.
Kant
120
Who said:
| The mind and body are interrelated and fully effect each other.
Modern Materialist
121
Who said:
| Freedom is an illusion. We are of nature, therefore we are controlled by the laws of nature.
D'Holbach
122
Who said:
| We are free if we act without external forces pushing us in a given direction.
Stace
123
Who said:
| A life of belief in free will is more beneficial than that of a determined meaningless life.
William James
124
Who said:
| A self making existence. You are personally responsible for all the actions you make in your life.
Sarte
125
________ believed that the body and soul were completely different entities, separate from one another. The body will perish back into the earth and the immortal soul will live eternally in another realm.
Plato
126
________ taught that we should doubt all things we have been taught to accept without question. This he believed, was the only way we would find our own clear minded conclusions.
Descartes
127
________ believed the self’s existence depended on our consciousness of it. He taught that among our experience, there are two distinct entities, Impressions and Ideas.
Hume
128
________ believed each one of us is our own center of the world. Kant taught that our experiences, our world, our universe, are all brought together by our own self. Without the self, these things that make up what we are would have no order or organization.
Kant
129
________ believe that the current conceptual frameworks of the human mind and experience need to be rebuilt to remove current limitations we find.
Modern materialist
130
________ believed all material around us is subject to the forces of nature and follows its orders.
D'Holbach
131
________ backs his thoughts on free will with the idea of how can anyone be punished or rewarded for his/her actions if they have no control over their actions
Stace
132
________ tells us that whether it can be proved or not, we are better off living a life of faith.
James
133
________ believed you are personally responsible for all the actions you make in your life.
Sarte
134
Who:
Man is the measure of his own realities.
No Truths.
So, no “justice”
Sophists
135
Who:
| we know from within, a gut feeling:
Socrates
136
Who:
| A wise man knows he knows nothing at all
Socrates
137
Who:
| Know thyself, the truth lies within you
Socrates
138
Who:
| Reasoning is a quiet urging of the soul
Socrates
139
Who:
| The unexamined life is not worth living
Socrates
140
Who:
| No one knowingly does evil
Socrates
141
Who:
| To know The Good is to do the good
Socrates
142
Who:
| Strive for Excellences in all you do.
Socrates
143
Who:
Reasoning minds reason rightly what is right and reasonable.
If not part of this group, then you are a beast or God
Aristotle
144
Who:
| The Soul of Reason is the Soul of man
Aristotle
145
Who:
| Deconstruct in order to reconstruct
Descarte
146
Who:
| Whether he is right or wrong about his thoughts is not material at this point. It is just the fact that he is thinking
Descarte
147
Who:
| What we believe in our head is real with or without science to prove it
Descarte
148
Who:
| This thinking comes from a “soul”
Descarte
149
Who:
| The thinking soul is governed by the fact that :God is good, non deceiving
Descarte
150
Who:
| The self is conciousness
John Locke
151
Who:
The self is consciousness but this
consciousness is not super-natural
or immaterial but natural
John Locke
152
Who:
One is a Self when one is in a moment
of sensation or remembering a moment of sensation.
John Locke
153
Who:
We are naturally present in all forms of stimulation, though we can’t do an autopsy and
find the self.
John Locke
154
Who:
| There is no such thing as a self
David Hume
155
Who:
| We are just bundles of momentary Senses and memories of senses.
David Hume
156
Who:
| Lively and vivid sense experiences are impressions
David Hume
157
Who:
Copies of impressions, memories
once removed from reality are ideas
David Hume
158
Who:
| Since memory often proves to be faulty, our only real sense of self is what accompanies stimulation
David Hume
159
Who:
| We construct our self
Kant
160
Who:
Fundamental organizing rules and
principles built into the
architecture of your mind are categories
Kant
161
Who:
| This self is innate, already in me
Kant
162
Who:
There is a Unity of consciousness
Universal to all human beings.
Kant
163
Who:
| The Empirical Self is the artichoke
Kant
164
Who:
| The Transcendental Self is the avocado
Kant
165
Who:
| The pleasure principle is the first “manufacturing” applied to our incoming sensations.
Freud
166
Who:
| The body and the mind are subject to mechanistic laws even as every natural being is subject to laws of nature.
Ryle
167
Who:
| Bits of nature are controlled by the laws of nature
D'holbach
168
Who:
But God made us all to be unique and God made us all to have a full life.
The crowd kills both.
Kierkegaard
169
Who:
| Existence precedes essence
Sarte
170
Who:
| Your essence or Core-ness is not real
Sarte
