Which 4 bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Sacrum, coccyx, & both hip bones
What makes up the hip bones?
Ilium, ischium, & pubis
What are the 3 articulations of the pelvic girdle?
Lumbosacral, sacroiliac, & symphysis pubis
Synovial, nonaxial, plane joint. No voluntary motion. Designed for stability not mobility
Sacroiliac (si) joint
Contains the pelvis surface & coccyx. Is made of 5 fused sacral vertebrae.
Sacrum
The superior part of the hip bone. Contains the iliac crest & iliac fossa
Ilium
The lower back part of the pelvic
Ischium
This is located in the middle of the pelvic. Has fibrocartilage disk in between
Pubic symphysis
Optimal angle is ~30 degrees
Lumbosacral angle
Can be in the sagittal plane (anterior/posterior tilt), frontal plane (lateral tilt), & transverse plane (rotation)
Pelvic girdle motions
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) anterior to pubic symphysis?
Anterior tilt
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) posterior to pubic symphysis?
Posterior tilit
Occurs when two iliac crests are not level?
Lateral tilt
What is the reference point during lateral tilt or walking?
The unsupported side
When someone raises leg for foot clearance during swing phase of gait?
Hip hiking
Occurs when one side moves forward or backwards in relation to the other?
Rotation
What happens during anterior pelvic tilt
Lumbar trunk extensors pull up posteriorly & hip flexors pull down anteriorly
What happens during posterior pelvic tilt
Abdominals pull up anteriorly & gluteus maximus and hamstrings pull down posteriorly
the most proximal joint of the lower extremity? is a ball and socket joint and is highly important to weight bearing?
hip joint
the hip is this kind of joint?
triaxial with 3 planes of motion
what 3 bones make up the hip bone?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
what 2 major bony surfaces are on the ilium?
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) & Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
the origin of the hamstrings and adductor magnus?
ischial tuberosity
articulates with the femoral head?
acetabulum
strong & thick, covers hip cylindrically, attaches proximally around lip of acetabulum / distally at neck of femur, encloses the joint and most of femoral neck.
joint capsule
increases depth of acetabulum and assists acetabulum in holding the head in place.
acetabular labrum
long tendinous portion of the tensor fascia latae (latte) muscle. attaches at the anterior portion of iliac crest. attaches to tibia
iliotibial band (ITB)
O= iliacus-iliac fossa
psoas major-anterior/lateral surfaces
T12-L5.
I= lesser trochanter
A= hip flexioniliopsoas
part of the quadriceps
O= AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
I= tibial tuberosity
A= knee extension
rectus femoris
longest muscle in the body
O= ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
I= proximal medial aspect of tibia
A= hip flexion, abduction, lateral (external) rotation.
sartorius
located medial to the iliopsoas
O= superior ramus of pubis
I= pectineal line of femur
A= hip flexion & adduction
pectineus
most superficial (palpable in anterior-medial groin
O= pubis
I= middle 1/3 linea aspera
A= hip adduction
adductor longus
shortest
O= pubis
I= pectineal line & proximal linea aspera
A= hip adduction
adductor brevis
largest most massive & deepest
O= ischium & pubis
I= entire linea aspera & adductor tubercle
A= hip adduction
adductor magnus
a two joint muscle
O= pubis
I= anterior medial surface of proximal end of tibia
A= hip adduction
gracilis
O= posterior sacrum & ilium I= posterior femur distal to greater trochanter A= hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation
gluteus maximus
a group of 6 muscles
O= posterior sacrum, ischium, and pubis
I= greater trochanter area
A= hip lateral rotation
deep rotator muscles
posterior thigh muscles with a common origin on the ischial tuberosity
hamstrings
O= ischial tuberosity I= anteromedial surface of proximal tibia A= extend hip, flex knee
semitendinosus
O= long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip linea aspera
I= fibular head
A= long head: extend hip, flex knee
short head: flex kneebiceps femoris
O= ischial tuberosity I= posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia A= extend hip, flex knee
semimembranosus
what are the 3 hamstring muscles?
semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus
triangular shaped
O= outer ilium
I= greater trochanter
A= hip abduction
gluteus medius
deep and inferior to gluteus medius
O= lateral ilium
I= anterior surface of the greater trochanter
A= hip abduction and internal rotation
gluteus minimus
short muscle
O= ASIS
I= lateral condyle of tibia
A= combined hip flexion and abduction
tensor fascia latae
A line drawn from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior surface of the pubic symphysis
Pelvic outlet
A line drawn between the sacral promontory posteriorly and the superior border of the symphysis pubis anteriorly
Pelvic inlet
They bony area between the iliac crests and is superior to the pelvic inlet
False pelvis
Lies between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet
True pelvis
