Chapters 17 Flashcards
1
Q
Aphthous ulcer
A
“Canker sores”
Small, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
2
Q
Buccal
A
Pertaining to the cheek
3
Q
Candidiasis
A
White, cheesy patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
4
Q
Caries
A
Decay in the teeth
5
Q
Cheilitis
A
Red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at the corners of mouth
6
Q
Choanal atresia
A
Closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
7
Q
Crypts
A
Indentions on the surface of tonsils
8
Q
Epistaxis
A
Nosebleed usually from anterior septum
9
Q
Epulis
A
Nontender, fibrous nodeule of the gum
10
Q
Fordyce gandules
A
Small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
11
Q
Gingivitis
A
Red, swollen gun margins that bleed easily
12
Q
Herpes Simplex
A
“Cold sores”
Clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junctions
13
Q
Koplik spots
A
Small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosal
Early sign of measles
14
Q
Leukoplakia
A
Chalky white, thick, raised patch on sides of tongue
Precancerous
15
Q
Malocclusion
A
Upper/lower dental arches out of alignment
16
Q
Papillae
A
Rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue
17
Q
Parotid gland
A
Pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears
18
Q
Pharyngitis
A
Inflammation of the throat
19
Q
Plaque
A
Soft, whitish debris on teeth
20
Q
Rhinitis
A
Red, swollen inflammation on nasal mucosa
21
Q
Thrush
A
Oral candidiasis in the newborn
22
Q
Turinate
A
One of the 3 bony projections into the nasal cavity
23
Q
Uvula
A
Free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
24
Q
Nose’s Function
A
Sensory organ for smell
Warms, moistens, and filtered inhaled air
25
Kiesselbach's Plexus
Most common site for nosebleeds
26
What are the palpable sinuses?
Frontal Sinus
| Maxillary Sinus
27
What are the only sinuses present at birth?
Maxillary Sinus
| Ethmoid Sinus
28
What are the functions of the sinuses?
Lighten weight of skull bones
Serve as resonators for sound production
Provide mucus to the nasal cavity
29
Frenulum
Midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
30
Largest salivary gland
Parotid Gland
| Within the cheeks in front of the ear
31
A 70-year-old reports dry mouth. What is the most frequent cause of this?
Related to medication
32
What do you do next when you note a deviated septum?
Document the deviation, incase the person needs to be suctioned
33
Where are oral malignancies most likely to develop?
The mucosal "gutter" under the tongue
34
The tonsils are graded as 3+. Wheat would you see?
The tonsils touching the uvula
35
What is the function of the nasal turbinates?
Warm the inhaled air
36
The opening of an adult's parotid gland (Stensen's duct) is opposite to ___ ____ molar
Upper second
37
Characteristics of a nasal polyp:
Pale, gray in color
Movable
Nontender
38
The examiner notes small round white shiny papules on the hard palate of a newborn. Normal/Abnormal?
Normal
| Epstein pearls
39
When assessing the tongue, you should:
Palpate the U-shaped area under the tongue
40
What is common with aging adults regarding the nose?
Decreased ability to identify odors
41
What is common in African Americans regarding the mouth?
Leukoedema
42
Leukoedema
Benign milky, blue-white area on the buccal mucosa
43
3 Consequences of malocclusion
Further tooth loss
Muscle imbalance - muscle spasms, tenderness, and chronic headaches
Otheoarthritis - inability to fully open mouth
44
Malocclusion
Teeth drift
45
What occurs in a pregnant women due to increased vascularity?
Nasal stuffiness
| Epistaxis
46
Deciduous teeth
Temporary teeth
47
How many deciduous teeth do children have?
20
48
By what year should all deciduous teeth be showing?
2.5 years of age
49
If no deciduous teeth are showing by 1 year. Normal/Abnormal
Abnormal
50
Deviated Septum
Looks like a hump in one of the nasal cavities
| Not significant unless airflow is obstructed
51
Nasal Perforation
If light shining through a nares, you can see a spot of light shining through the other nares
Occurs with cocaine use
52
Torus Palatinus
A bony prominence down the middle of the hard palate
Benign growth
Arises after puberty
53
What can cause epistaxis?
Trauma
Vigorous nose blowing
Foreign body
54
What is the procedure for epistaxis?
Sit head tilted forward, pinch nose above nostril for 10-15 minutes
55
Sense of smell diminishes with what 3 things?
Smoking
Chronic allergies
Aging
56
Average healing of viral sore throats without antibiotics.
3-5 days
57
Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis symptoms
100.4 F fever
Absence of cough
Tonsillar exudates
Cervical adenopathy
58
What can occur with untreated GAS?
Pertonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
59
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
60
Bruxism
Grinding teeth
61
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
| Side effect of drug (Pg. 352)
62
What does the mucosa of a patient who had chronic allergies look like?
Swollen, boggy, pale, and gray
63
Cherry colored lips occurs with what 3 things?
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Acidosis from aspirin poisoning
Ketoacidosis
64
Pallor colored lips occur with 4 things?
Shock
Anemia
Cyanosis with hypoxemia
Chilling
65
Gingival hyperplasia
Enlargement of the gums
| Occurs with: puberty, pregnancy, leukemia
66
Rhinorrhea
Nasal discharge
| Occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infections, and trauma
67
Dark line on gingival margins Abnormal/Normal
Abnormal
| Occurs with lead and bismuth poisoning
68
An enlarged tongue occurs with:
Hypothyroidism
Acromegaly
Down syndrome
69
A small tongue occurs with:
Malnutrition
70
Dehydrations leads to what characteristics regarding the tongue?
Dry mouth
| Deep vertical fissures
71
Excessive salvation occurs with what 2 conditions
Gingivostomatitis
| Parkinson disease
72
Koplik spots
Early prodromal signs of measles
73
Fordyce Grandules
Small isolated white/yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips
Not significant
74
Torus palatinus Abnormal/Normal
A normal variation
75
A person with an acute infection of the tonsils may present what symptoms?
Bright red
Swollen
Exudate
Large white spots
76
White membrane covering the tonsils. Abnormal/Normal
Abnormal
| Occur with infectious diseases
77
A patient with Hyperthyroidism most likely will present what symptom?
Fine tremor of the tongue
78
A patient with cerebral palsy or alcoholism will exhibit what symptom?
Coarse tremor of the tongue
79
Breath odor: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fruity smell
80
Breath odor: Malnutrition/Dehydration
Acetone smell
81
Breath odor: Uremia
Ammonia smell
82
Breath odor: Liver disease
Musty smell
83
breath odor: Dental/Respiratory infections
Foul/Fetid smell
84
Nasal flaring in a newborn indicates what?
Respiratory distress
85
Inability to pass a catheter through the nasal cavity indicates what?
Choanal Atresia
86
Sucking Tubercle
A small pad in the middle of the upper lip from friction of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding
87
Bednar aphthae
Traumatic areas on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline. Result from abrasions while sucking
88
Aging adult changes:
```
Nose more prominent
Thick coarse hair
Dental changes
Decreased sense of smell
Gums recede
```
89
How many teeth should a normal adult have?
32
90
Choanal Atresia
Congenital defect: bony septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
Airway emergency**
91
Symptoms to seasonal allergic rhinitis
```
Rhinorrhea
Lacrimation
Nasal congestion
Sneezing
Turbinates pale
```
92
Nasal Polyps symptoms
Absences sense of smell
| "Valve movement" when breathing
93
Furuncle
A small boil located in the skin or mucus membrane of nasal cavity
94
Angular Cheilitis
Painful fissures at the corners of the mouth occur with excessive salivation and Candida infection
95
Herpes Simplex-1
Common cold sores
| Highly contagious - direct contact
96
Carcinoma
Crusted, elevated borders
| Should be referred of sore on lips doesn't heal in 2 weeks
97
Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
Bottle of sweetened drink before bedtime
98
Dental caries
Progressive destruction of tooth
| Susceptible sites are: food debris, bacterial plaque, and saliva collect
99
Meth Mouth
Meth increases urge to consume sugars and starches, decreases saliva production, increases acidity in mouth, and promotes bacterial growth
100
Aphthous Ulcer
"Canker sores" Small round sore on buccal with red ring. Causes unknown
101
Candidiasis
White cheesy, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa and tongue.
| Scraps off leaving raw, red surface
102
When would a Candidiasis infection occur?
Opportunistic infection
| After the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids and immunosuppressed people
103
Leukoplakia
Chalky, white raised patch on lateral tongue that DOES NOT scrap off.
Lesions are PRECANCEROUS
104
Ankyloglossia
Short frenulum
| Congenital defect
105
What is more severe: Leukoedema or Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia - lesions are precancerous
106
Black Hairy Tongue
Fungal infection of the tongue
107
When does a Black hairy tongue occur?
After antibiotic use
| Heavy smoking
108
Carcinoma of the tongue
Ulcer with rolled edges at sides, base, and under the tongue
| Smoking, alcohol, and HPV may be cause
109
Macroglossia
Enlarged tongue
| Not painful but may impair speech
110
Bifid Uvula
Looks partly severed and may indicate submucus cleft palate
111
Kaposi Sarcoma
Bruiselike, dark color macule usually on the hard palate
| May be indicative of AIDS
112
Peritonsillar abscess occurs with untreated ___ ___ ____
Acute streptococcal pharyngitis
113
What are the 2 major red flags with Peritonsillar abscess
Neck swelling with:
Fever
Decreased range of motion
114
Acute tonsillitis and Pharyngitis symptoms
Bright red swollen tonsils
White/yellow exudate
Swollen uvula
