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Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Aneurysm

A

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension

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4
Q

Borborygmi

A

Loud, gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis; occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea

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5
Q

Bruit

A

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

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6
Q

Cecum

A

First proximal part of the large intestine

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7
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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8
Q

Costal margin

A

Lower border of the rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8, 9, and 10th ribs

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9
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA)

A

Angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney

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10
Q

Diastasis recti

A

Midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles

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11
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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12
Q

Epigastrium

A

Name of abdominal region between the costal margins

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13
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

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14
Q

Hernia

A

Abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature

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15
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

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16
Q

Linea alba

A

Midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

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17
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

Complete absences of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

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18
Q

Peritoneal friction rub

A

Rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation

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19
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double envelope of serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the surface of most abdominal organs

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20
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

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21
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach

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22
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn; Burning sensation of upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid

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23
Q

Rectus Abdominis muscles

A

Midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

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24
Q

Scaphoid

A

Abnormally sunken abdominal wall, as with malnutrition or underweight

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25
Striae
Silvery white/pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy/obesity
26
Suprapubic
Name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone
27
Tympany
High-pitched, musical drum-like percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine
28
Umbilicus
Depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord
29
Viscera
Internal organs
30
Why do you auscultate before palpate and percuss the abdomen?
Palpation and percussion can increase peristalsis and give you inaccurate normal bowel sounds for that patient.
31
If there are absent bowel sounds what should you do next?
Listen for 5 minutes
32
4 conditions that may alter percussion notes heard over the abdomen
Obesity Air/gas Ascites Ovarian cysts
33
Rigidity
When abdominal muscles do not relax after exhalation
34
Voluntary guarding
Occurs when a person is cold, tense, or ticklish
35
Visceral pain
Pain from an internal organ | Dull, general, poorly localized
36
Somatic pain
Pain from the inflammation of the overlying peritoneum | Sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement
37
Solid viscera
Those that maintain a characteristic shape | Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, adrenal glands, Kidney, ovaries, Uterus
38
Hollow viscera
Depends of contents | Stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder
39
Which organ is located in all 4 quadrants
Small intestine
40
Which organ is located behind the stomach
Pancreas
41
Where does the kidney lie?
The 11th and 12th ribs
42
What is the difference in the left and right kidney?
The right kidney lies lower than the left kidney because of the liver
43
What is the cause of "morning sickness" in pregnant women?
Change in hormones
44
Changes in the abdomen because of pregnancy:
Constipation Hemorrhoids Displacement of intestine Diminished bowel sounds
45
Changes in the abdomen because of age:
``` Salvation decrease Decrease taste Gastric acid secretion decrease (may lead to pernicious anemia) Increase incidents of gallstones Liver size decrease Drug metabolism by liver decrease Frequent constipation ```
46
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
Abdominal pain Bloating Flatulence
47
Anorexia
The loss of appetite from GI disease (due to medication), pregnancy, or mental health disorder
48
Important question to ask when assessing abdomen:
Bowel habits GI problems Abdominal surgery Medications currently taking
49
What color would striae be with a person with Cushing disease?
Blue-purple
50
What signs would you note in a patient who has malnutrion
Veins are more visible Poor turgor Scaphoid abdomen
51
Indicators of intestine obstruction
Visible peristalsis | Distended abdomen
52
What do you asses when percussing the abdomen?
The relative density of abdominal contents and screen for abnormal fluid or masses
53
Tympany is heard over what kind of organs?
Stomach | Intestines
54
Dullness is heard over what kind of organs?
Liver | Spleen
55
How would chronic emphysema effect the abdomen?
The liver would be displaced downward by the hyperinflation of the lungs
56
Hooking technique
Technique to assess the liver | Hook your fingers under the costal margins from above and ask the patient to inhale, try to find the liver edge
57
What two assessment test, test for ascites?
Fluid wave | Shifting Dullness
58
Blumberg sign
When rebound tenderness occurs in the RLQ when pressure is applied to the LLQ
59
Blumberg sing may indicate ____
Appendicitis
60
Murphy Sign
When palpating the liver, pain occurs (indication of cholecystitis)
61
Alvarado Score (MANTRELS Score)
Assist evaluation in patients with RLQ pain
62
An alvarado score of more than 8 indicates ___
Appendicitis
63
An infant 4 weeks old presents an umbilical hernia Normal/Abnormal
Normal | Appears 2-3 weeks and usually disappears by 1 year
64
Drainage after the umbilical cord falls off Normal/Abnormal
Abnormal
65
What does the abdomen of an infant/child look like?
Protuberant
66
Obesity inspection
Uniformly round | Umbilicus sunken in
67
Air/Gas palpation
Muscle spasms of the abdominal wall
68
Patient with a singe curve of the abdomen, everted umbilicus, glistening skin, tympany in upper quadrants is a patient with ____
Ascites
69
Ovarian cysts palpation:
Transmits aortic pulsation
70
Symptoms of intestinal obstruction
``` Vomiting Absences of stool or gas Strong peristalsis above the obstruction Hypovolemic shock Tenderness Hyperactive bowel sounds Abdominal distension ```
71
Hepatitis
Anorexia Nausea Malaise Low grade fever
72
Liver referral site
Right shoulder
73
GERD most common symptom
Heartburn
74
Gallbladder referral site
Right or left scapula
75
Cholecystitis symptoms
Nausea Vomiting Positive murphy sign Sudden stop in inspiration
76
When do symptoms of Cholecystitis occur?
After ingesting fatty foods, alcohol, or caffeine
77
Pancreas referral site
The back, left scapula, or flank
78
Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved by ___
Food
79
Stomach referral site
Back or substernal area
80
What induces gastric ulcer pain?
Food
81
A patient with appendicitis, pain is aggravated by:
Movement Coughing Deep breathing
82
Irritable bowel syndrome is brought on by ___ and relieved by ___ ____
Meals | Bowel movements
83
Succussion Splash
Very loud splash sound in upper abdomen when infant is rocked side to side Indicates increased air and fluid in the stomach
84
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Result of inflammation (peritonitis) | Result of abdominal surgery, late bowel obstruction, pneumonia
85
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Borborygmi "stomach growl" | Early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, brisk diarrhea, laxative use, and subsiding paralytic ileus
86
Peritoneal Friction Rub usually indicates ___
Abscess or tumor

Health Assessment (27 decks)

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