What is revolutionary nationalism?
A desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural boundaries” of national origin
What is an anarchy?
Political disorder and violence; lack of any government idealism
What is relativism?
Idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning
What is dialectic thinking?
Idea that one fact or idea (thesis) works against a contradictory fact (antithesis) to create a “new fact” (synthesis)
Who is the “Father of Theological Liberalism”?
Friedrich Schleiermacher
What did “higher criticism” question?
It questioned in the guise of scholarship the inspiration, authority, texts, and meanings of the Bible
Who are modernists?
Religious Liberals
How long did the Congress of Vienna last?
Eight months
Who were the key diplomats in Europe and where are they from?
Czar Alexander I (Russia)
Lord Castlereigh (England)
Comte de Tallyrand (France)
Prince von Metternich (Austria)
Who is the “Prince of Diplomats”?
Prince von Metternich
Who was in the Quadruple Alliance?
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britian
Who are the Creoles?
Spaniards born in the colonies
What did the Holy Alliance follow?
Follow policy based on “holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace
Who is “the Liberator”?
Simon Bolivar
Who are the Mestizos?
Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry
In what year was the Monroe Doctrine established?
1815
Who helped Chile gain independence in 1818?
Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins
What is the Treaty of Adrianople?
Turks agreed to the term offered by England, France, and Russia
Who colonized the Congo in Africa?
Leopold II
Who organized Young Italy?
Giuseppe Mazzini
WHen was Young Italy established?
1852
What is Young Italy?
Secret society aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence
Who worked toward unification through diplomatic means?
Count Cavour
Who organized a parliamentary group of revolutionaries known as the Red Shirts?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Who was the first king of a united Italy?
Victor Emmanuel II
Who was the chancellor of Prussia?
Otto von Bismarck
What was the next step in Bismarck’s plan for German unification?
Franco-Prussian War
Who was declared emperor of united Germany?
King Wilhelm
Who were the members of the lower chamber known as?
Reichstag
What happened in the “Era of Bismarck”?
Germany became a strong industrial and military power
Who dismissed Bismarck and took foreign affairs into his own hands?
Wilhelm II
Who organized the Navy League and set out to build up German sea power?
Admiral von Tirpitz
What is the Dual Monarchy?
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Who was King of Hungary and Emperor of Austria?
Francis Joseph I
WHo was in the Dual Alliance?
France and Russia
What is the Entente Cordiale?
Reconciled the differences between France and Russia
What did the Paris Commune establish?
Establish a more “democratic” system of government in the style of the first French Revolution
What is the Triple Entente?
Sealed alliance among Britain, France, and Russia
Who advocated democratic socialism?
Louis Blanc
What is Pantheism?
A false idea that God is not separate from nature but nature is God
What is democratic socialism?
Proletarians (workers) would publicly own and control productive industry
What is “Utopian Socialism”?
Founding of Utopian communities in which socialist ideas could be tried
Who expanded the field of physics with the quantum theory of matter and energy?
Max Planck
Who is “the Father of Nuclear Science”?
Ernest Rutherford
Who produced the planetary model of the atom?
Niels Bohr
Who revolutionized the scientific world with his theories of relativity?
Albert Einstein
Who is the best-remembered agricultural scientist?
George Washington Carver
Who found the source of yellow fever?
Dr. Carlos Finlay
Who took steps in eliminating yellow fever?
Walter Reed and William Gorgas
Who organized the Ford Motor Company in 1903?
Henry Ford
What is the name of Ford’s inexpensive model?
Model T
What is the purpose of the assembly line?
To increase speed and cut cost of production
Who designed an “airship” called dirigible?
Count Ferdinand von Zepplin
Who made the first successful airplane flight?
Orville and Wilbur Wright
What was a direct result of the wireless telephone?
Radio
What was the first commercial broadcasting station?
KDKA
What happened in 1912?
The Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean
Who is in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Who is in the Triple Entente?
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Who was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
When did Austria declare war on Serbia?
July 28, 1914
What is World War I also know as?
Great War
Who are the Allies?
England, France, Russia, and their allies
WHo are the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and their allies
Italy remained neutral. Which side did it end up going?
The Allies
What is the “Miracle on the Marne”?
To summarize, French forces stopped the German advance and drove them back across the river. This saved Paris and the French army from capture
What are trenches?
Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire
What happened at Ypres?
British Expeditionary Force lost 50,000 men in its courageous defense against the German onslaught
How far did the Western Front stretch?
Stretched for 600 miles from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps
Who are the “tommies”?
Nickname for British soldiers
Who became supreme commanders of all Central Powers forces?
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff
During what revolution was a provisional Government established?
Russian Revolution
Who overthrew the Provisional Government in the Bolshevik Revolution and established a Communist dictatorship in Russia?
Vladimir Lenin
Who led the Communist revolutionaries?
Vladimir Lenin
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?
Signed Russia out of the war and surrendering much land and resources to Germany
Who is the “Lawrence of Arabia”?
T. E. Lawrence
Under who id the British and Australian troops capture Jerusalem in December 1917?
General Edmund Allenby
What was the largest British offensive in the East?
Gallipoli Campaign
Who was England’s First Lord of the Admiralty?
Winston Churchill
What was the first victims of submarine warfare?
Lusistania
Where did the German fleet clash with the British Royal Navy?
Battle of Jutland
What are “aces”?
Pilots who shot down at least five enemy aircraft
Who is known as the “Red Baron”?
Manfred von Richthofen
Who destroyed 26 enemy aircraft?
American Eddie Rickenbacker
What did the Zimmerman Note propose?
Proposed that Mexico and Germany form an alliance if the United States entered the War
Who declared that “The world must be made safe for democracy”?
President Woodrow Wilson
When did Congress declare war on Germany?
1917
What is a “Big Bertha”?
Germany’s famous long-range gun
Under the command of who did the American Expeditionary Force arrive in France at the rate of 30,000 men a month?
John J. (“Blackjack”) Pershing
Who are “doughboys”?
Nickname for the American Soldiers
Who commanded the Allied armies?
Ferdinand Foch
What is the Weimar Republic?
A representative government in Germany
What is Armistice Day also known as?
Veterans Day
WHat are the “Fourteen Points”?
The only possible program for world peace
Who are in the “Big Four”?
President Wilson
Prime Minister David Lloyd George of England
Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy
What is the “League of Nations”?
The most crucial step in maintaining future world peace
What was the chief result of the peace conference?
Treaty of Versailles
Approximately how many people died in the war?
More than 13 million people died from battle or disease, and as many as 21 million were wounded
When was the armistice signed?
November 11, 1918
What led to the Russian Revolution?
The growing discontent over the war
When did the Congress of Vienna occur?
1814-1815
When did the Monroe Doctrine come into play?
1823
What happened in 1830?
July Revolution brings Louis Philippe to French throne
Belgium declares independence from Holland
What happened in 1848?
Karl Marx publishes Communist Manifesto
June days brings Louis Napoleon to French throne
French Second Republic established
When was the Franco-Prussian War?
1870-1871
What happened in 1903?
Henry ford organizes Ford Motor Company
Wright brothers make first successful airplane flight
When did the Titanic sink of the Newfoundland coast?
1912
What happened in June 1914?
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife of Austria by Serbian Anarchist
What happened in August 1914?
Germany declares war on Russia
England declares war on Germany
What happened in July 1914?
Austria declares war on Serbia (beginning of World War I)
What happened in September 1914?
Miracle on the Marne
What happened in April 1917?
United States declared war on Germany
What happened in March 1917?
Russian Revolution begins
Zimmerman Note incident
What happened in January 1919?
Versailles Peace Conference begins
What happened in February 1919?
League of Nations established
What happened in June 1919?
Treaty of Versailles signed
What happened in November 1919?
U.S. rejects Treaty of Versailles
What happened in November 1918?
Austria-Hungary and Germany surrender to Allies
Armistice Day
What happened in October 1918?
Turkey surrenders to Allies
What happened in September 1918?
Bulgaria surrenders to Allies
What happened in March 1918?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk pulls Russia out of war
What happened through May to July 1918?
U.S. troops stop German offensive at Cantigny, the Marne, and Belleau Woods in France
What happened through July to November 1918?
Allied counteroffice
