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History of Civilization HI 102 PCC > Chapters 21-22 > Flashcards

Chapters 21-22 Flashcards

1
Q

What is revolutionary nationalism?

A

A desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural boundaries” of national origin

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2
Q

What is an anarchy?

A

Political disorder and violence; lack of any government idealism

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3
Q

What is relativism?

A

Idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning

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4
Q

What is dialectic thinking?

A

Idea that one fact or idea (thesis) works against a contradictory fact (antithesis) to create a “new fact” (synthesis)

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5
Q

Who is the “Father of Theological Liberalism”?

A

Friedrich Schleiermacher

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6
Q

What did “higher criticism” question?

A

It questioned in the guise of scholarship the inspiration, authority, texts, and meanings of the Bible

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7
Q

Who are modernists?

A

Religious Liberals

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8
Q

How long did the Congress of Vienna last?

A

Eight months

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9
Q

Who were the key diplomats in Europe and where are they from?

A

Czar Alexander I (Russia)
Lord Castlereigh (England)
Comte de Tallyrand (France)
Prince von Metternich (Austria)

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10
Q

Who is the “Prince of Diplomats”?

A

Prince von Metternich

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11
Q

Who was in the Quadruple Alliance?

A

Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britian

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12
Q

Who are the Creoles?

A

Spaniards born in the colonies

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13
Q

What did the Holy Alliance follow?

A

Follow policy based on “holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace

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14
Q

Who is “the Liberator”?

A

Simon Bolivar

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15
Q

Who are the Mestizos?

A

Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry

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16
Q

In what year was the Monroe Doctrine established?

A

1815

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17
Q

Who helped Chile gain independence in 1818?

A

Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins

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18
Q

What is the Treaty of Adrianople?

A

Turks agreed to the term offered by England, France, and Russia

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19
Q

Who colonized the Congo in Africa?

A

Leopold II

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20
Q

Who organized Young Italy?

A

Giuseppe Mazzini

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21
Q

WHen was Young Italy established?

A

1852

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22
Q

What is Young Italy?

A

Secret society aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence

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23
Q

Who worked toward unification through diplomatic means?

A

Count Cavour

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24
Q

Who organized a parliamentary group of revolutionaries known as the Red Shirts?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

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25
Q

Who was the first king of a united Italy?

A

Victor Emmanuel II

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26
Q

Who was the chancellor of Prussia?

A

Otto von Bismarck

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27
Q

What was the next step in Bismarck’s plan for German unification?

A

Franco-Prussian War

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28
Q

Who was declared emperor of united Germany?

A

King Wilhelm

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29
Q

Who were the members of the lower chamber known as?

A

Reichstag

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30
Q

What happened in the “Era of Bismarck”?

A

Germany became a strong industrial and military power

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31
Q

Who dismissed Bismarck and took foreign affairs into his own hands?

A

Wilhelm II

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32
Q

Who organized the Navy League and set out to build up German sea power?

A

Admiral von Tirpitz

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33
Q

What is the Dual Monarchy?

A

Austro-Hungarian Empire

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34
Q

Who was King of Hungary and Emperor of Austria?

A

Francis Joseph I

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35
Q

WHo was in the Dual Alliance?

A

France and Russia

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36
Q

What is the Entente Cordiale?

A

Reconciled the differences between France and Russia

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37
Q

What did the Paris Commune establish?

A

Establish a more “democratic” system of government in the style of the first French Revolution

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38
Q

What is the Triple Entente?

A

Sealed alliance among Britain, France, and Russia

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39
Q

Who advocated democratic socialism?

A

Louis Blanc

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40
Q

What is Pantheism?

A

A false idea that God is not separate from nature but nature is God

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41
Q

What is democratic socialism?

A

Proletarians (workers) would publicly own and control productive industry

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42
Q

What is “Utopian Socialism”?

A

Founding of Utopian communities in which socialist ideas could be tried

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43
Q

Who expanded the field of physics with the quantum theory of matter and energy?

A

Max Planck

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44
Q

Who is “the Father of Nuclear Science”?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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45
Q

Who produced the planetary model of the atom?

A

Niels Bohr

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46
Q

Who revolutionized the scientific world with his theories of relativity?

A

Albert Einstein

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47
Q

Who is the best-remembered agricultural scientist?

A

George Washington Carver

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48
Q

Who found the source of yellow fever?

A

Dr. Carlos Finlay

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49
Q

Who took steps in eliminating yellow fever?

A

Walter Reed and William Gorgas

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50
Q

Who organized the Ford Motor Company in 1903?

A

Henry Ford

51
Q

What is the name of Ford’s inexpensive model?

A

Model T

52
Q

What is the purpose of the assembly line?

A

To increase speed and cut cost of production

53
Q

Who designed an “airship” called dirigible?

A

Count Ferdinand von Zepplin

54
Q

Who made the first successful airplane flight?

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright

55
Q

What was a direct result of the wireless telephone?

A

Radio

56
Q

What was the first commercial broadcasting station?

A

KDKA

57
Q

What happened in 1912?

A

The Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean

58
Q

Who is in the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

59
Q

Who is in the Triple Entente?

A

France, Great Britain, and Russia

60
Q

Who was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia?

A

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

61
Q

When did Austria declare war on Serbia?

A

July 28, 1914

62
Q

What is World War I also know as?

A

Great War

63
Q

Who are the Allies?

A

England, France, Russia, and their allies

64
Q

WHo are the Central Powers?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and their allies

65
Q

Italy remained neutral. Which side did it end up going?

A

The Allies

66
Q

What is the “Miracle on the Marne”?

A

To summarize, French forces stopped the German advance and drove them back across the river. This saved Paris and the French army from capture

67
Q

What are trenches?

A

Deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire

68
Q

What happened at Ypres?

A

British Expeditionary Force lost 50,000 men in its courageous defense against the German onslaught

69
Q

How far did the Western Front stretch?

A

Stretched for 600 miles from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps

70
Q

Who are the “tommies”?

A

Nickname for British soldiers

71
Q

Who became supreme commanders of all Central Powers forces?

A

Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff

72
Q

During what revolution was a provisional Government established?

A

Russian Revolution

73
Q

Who overthrew the Provisional Government in the Bolshevik Revolution and established a Communist dictatorship in Russia?

A

Vladimir Lenin

74
Q

Who led the Communist revolutionaries?

A

Vladimir Lenin

75
Q

What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?

A

Signed Russia out of the war and surrendering much land and resources to Germany

76
Q

Who is the “Lawrence of Arabia”?

A

T. E. Lawrence

77
Q

Under who id the British and Australian troops capture Jerusalem in December 1917?

A

General Edmund Allenby

78
Q

What was the largest British offensive in the East?

A

Gallipoli Campaign

79
Q

Who was England’s First Lord of the Admiralty?

A

Winston Churchill

80
Q

What was the first victims of submarine warfare?

A

Lusistania

81
Q

Where did the German fleet clash with the British Royal Navy?

A

Battle of Jutland

82
Q

What are “aces”?

A

Pilots who shot down at least five enemy aircraft

83
Q

Who is known as the “Red Baron”?

A

Manfred von Richthofen

84
Q

Who destroyed 26 enemy aircraft?

A

American Eddie Rickenbacker

85
Q

What did the Zimmerman Note propose?

A

Proposed that Mexico and Germany form an alliance if the United States entered the War

86
Q

Who declared that “The world must be made safe for democracy”?

A

President Woodrow Wilson

87
Q

When did Congress declare war on Germany?

A

1917

88
Q

What is a “Big Bertha”?

A

Germany’s famous long-range gun

89
Q

Under the command of who did the American Expeditionary Force arrive in France at the rate of 30,000 men a month?

A

John J. (“Blackjack”) Pershing

90
Q

Who are “doughboys”?

A

Nickname for the American Soldiers

91
Q

Who commanded the Allied armies?

A

Ferdinand Foch

92
Q

What is the Weimar Republic?

A

A representative government in Germany

93
Q

What is Armistice Day also known as?

A

Veterans Day

94
Q

WHat are the “Fourteen Points”?

A

The only possible program for world peace

95
Q

Who are in the “Big Four”?

A

President Wilson
Prime Minister David Lloyd George of England
Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy

96
Q

What is the “League of Nations”?

A

The most crucial step in maintaining future world peace

97
Q

What was the chief result of the peace conference?

A

Treaty of Versailles

98
Q

Approximately how many people died in the war?

A

More than 13 million people died from battle or disease, and as many as 21 million were wounded

99
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

November 11, 1918

100
Q

What led to the Russian Revolution?

A

The growing discontent over the war

101
Q

When did the Congress of Vienna occur?

A

1814-1815

102
Q

When did the Monroe Doctrine come into play?

A

1823

103
Q

What happened in 1830?

A

July Revolution brings Louis Philippe to French throne

Belgium declares independence from Holland

104
Q

What happened in 1848?

A

Karl Marx publishes Communist Manifesto
June days brings Louis Napoleon to French throne
French Second Republic established

105
Q

When was the Franco-Prussian War?

A

1870-1871

106
Q

What happened in 1903?

A

Henry ford organizes Ford Motor Company

Wright brothers make first successful airplane flight

107
Q

When did the Titanic sink of the Newfoundland coast?

A

1912

108
Q

What happened in June 1914?

A

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife of Austria by Serbian Anarchist

109
Q

What happened in August 1914?

A

Germany declares war on Russia

England declares war on Germany

110
Q

What happened in July 1914?

A

Austria declares war on Serbia (beginning of World War I)

111
Q

What happened in September 1914?

A

Miracle on the Marne

112
Q

What happened in April 1917?

A

United States declared war on Germany

113
Q

What happened in March 1917?

A

Russian Revolution begins

Zimmerman Note incident

114
Q

What happened in January 1919?

A

Versailles Peace Conference begins

115
Q

What happened in February 1919?

A

League of Nations established

116
Q

What happened in June 1919?

A

Treaty of Versailles signed

117
Q

What happened in November 1919?

A

U.S. rejects Treaty of Versailles

118
Q

What happened in November 1918?

A

Austria-Hungary and Germany surrender to Allies

Armistice Day

119
Q

What happened in October 1918?

A

Turkey surrenders to Allies

120
Q

What happened in September 1918?

A

Bulgaria surrenders to Allies

121
Q

What happened in March 1918?

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk pulls Russia out of war

122
Q

What happened through May to July 1918?

A

U.S. troops stop German offensive at Cantigny, the Marne, and Belleau Woods in France

123
Q

What happened through July to November 1918?

A

Allied counteroffice

History of Civilization HI 102 PCC (4 decks)

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