Chapters 36-37

Question 1

Americans feared that the end of World War II would bring mainly

Answer 1

a return to the Depression

Question 2

The U.S. believed that it was desirable to have the Soviet Union participate in the projected invasion of Japan because

Answer 2

The Soviets could help control the Chinese communists

Question 3

The growth of organized labor in the post-World War II era was slowed by all of the following except

Answer 3

the reduced number of women in the work force

Question 4

Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist government lost the Chinese civil war to the communists and Mao Ze-dong mainly because

Answer 4

Jiang lost the support and confidence of the Chinese people

Question 5

The huge “baby boom” crested in the ________________ and has been declining ever since.

Answer 5

early 1950s

Question 6

The United States and the Soviet Union resembled one another in that they

Answer 6

had been largely isolated from world affairs and practiced an ideological “missionary” foreign policy

Question 7

The Marshall Plan succeeded in reviving Europe’s economy and thwarting the large internal Communist parties threatening to take over

Answer 7

Italy and France

Question 8

President Truman’s domestic legislative plan was dubbed the

Answer 8

Fair Deal

Question 9

The United States’ participation in NATO

Answer 9

marked a dramatic departure from traditional American isolationism.

Question 10

In 1948, many southern Democrats split from their party to support Governor J. Strom Thurmond because

Answer 10

President Truman took a strong stand in favor of civil rights

Question 11

The earliest and most serious failure of the United Nations involved its inability to

Answer 11

control atomic energy, especially in the manufacture of weapons

Question 12

America’s postwar containment policy was based on the assumption that the Soviet Union was fundamentally

Answer 12

expansionist but cautious.

Question 13

NSC-68 called for

Answer 13

a massive increase in military spending.

Question 14

American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following for the country except

Answer 14

Reduce our defense expenditures, since we would get help from other countries.

Question 15

President Truman’s Marshall Plan called for

Answer 15

substantial financial assistance to rebuild Western Europe.

Question 16

Before he was elected Vice President of the United States in 1944, Harry S. Truman had served all of the following except

Answer 16

secretary of the navy.

Question 17

The victorious World War II Allies quickly agreed that

Answer 17

Nazism should be destroyed in Germany and high-ranking Nazis should be tried and punished for war crimes.

Question 18

One sign of the stress that the widespread post-World War II geographic mobility
placed on American families was the

Answer 18

popularity of advice books on child-rearing.

Question 19

Which of the following was not true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?

Answer 19

it joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.

Question 20

Postwar Japan

Answer 20

had its military leaders tried for war crimes, as had occurred in Germany.

Question 21

Which of the following did not contribute to the rapid rise of suburbia in post-WWII America?

Answer 21

the environment crisis.

Question 22

The imperious and insubordinate commander in Korea who was fired by President Truman was General

Answer 22

Douglas MacArthur.

Question 23

The Taft-Hartley Act delivered a major blow to labor by

Answer 23

outlawing “closed” (all-union) shops.

Question 24

The dramatically reduced number of American farms and farmers in the postwar era was accompanied by

Answer 24

spectacular gains in American agricultural productivity and food growing.

Question 25

Since 1945, population in the United States has grown most rapidly in the

Answer 25

sunbelt

Question 26

Unlike the failed League of Nations, the new United Nations

Answer 26

was established in a spirit of cooperation before the war's actual end.

Question 27

Population distribution after World War II followed a pattern of

Answer 27

an urban-suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas.

Question 28

The immediate crisis that prompted the announcement of the Truman Doctrine was related to the threat of a communist takeover in

Answer 28

Greece and Turkey

Question 29

In an effort to detect communists within the federal government, President Harry Truman established the

Answer 29

Loyalty Review Board.

Question 30

President Truman risked American access to Middle Eastern oil supplies when he

Answer 30

recognized the new Jewish state of Israel.

Question 31

Soviet specialist George F. Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of

Answer 31

containment

Question 32

One striking consequence of the postwar economic boom was

Answer 32

a vast expansion of the homeowning middle class.

Question 33

Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States pledged to

Answer 33

support those who were resisting subjugation by communists.

Question 34

President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when

Answer 34

MacArthur began to take issue publicly with presidential policies.

Question 35

Much of the prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s rested on the underpinnings of

Answer 35

colossal military budgets.

Question 36

The NSC-68 document reflected the American belief

Answer 36

in the limitless capabilities of the American economy and society.

Question 37

The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African American community after 1945 was especially generated by

Answer 37

the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II.

Question 38

Which of the following is least related to the other three?

Answer 38

Landrum-Griffith Act

Question 39

Senator McCarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he

Answer 39

alleged that there were communists in the army.

Question 40

As a part of his "New Look" foreign policy, President Eisenhower

Answer 40

called for "open skies" over both the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 41

In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953

Answer 41

staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator.

Question 42

The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of ____________________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.

Answer 42

the Middle East

Question 43

The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the

Answer 43

U-2 incident.

Question 44

Dwight Eisenhower's policies toward Native Americans included

Answer 44

a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.

Question 45

In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

Answer 45

the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education.

Question 46

The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because

Answer 46

Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue

Question 47

In terms of politics, television did all of the following except

Answer 47

enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.

Question 48

By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all of the following except

Answer 48

provide encouragement to Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba.

Question 49

Which one of the following is least related to the other three?

Answer 49

Orval Faubus

Question 50

During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would ____________________ to help to end the Korean War.

Answer 50

personally go to Korea

Question 51

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

Answer 51

Iran and Guatemala.

Question 52

The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

Answer 52

his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.

Question 53

As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported

Answer 53

putting the brakes on military spending.

Question 54

In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower

Answer 54

allowed him to control personnel policy at the State Department.

Question 55

Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era

Answer 55

ended their lives through suicide.

Question 56

The title of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man refers to

Answer 56

an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man.

Question 57

In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 57

did nothing to help to defeat the communists.

Question 58

The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could

Answer 58

use its "oil weapon" to make foreign policy demands.

Question 59

The 1955 Geneva Conference

Answer 59

called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years.

Question 60

Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by

Answer 60

charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.

Question 61

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

Answer 61

declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional.

Question 62

The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War I was

Answer 62

Ho Chi Minh.

Question 63

Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as

Answer 63

less realistic.

Question 64

When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,

Answer 64

he remained an extraordinarily popular figure.

Question 65

Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower's vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to the

Answer 65

hard-line anticommunists.

Question 66

On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

Answer 66

had advised against integrating the armed forces.

Question 67

President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as

Answer 67

"dynamic conservatism."

Question 68

The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was

Answer 68

the interstate highway system

Question 69

Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?

Answer 69

there were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.

Question 70

The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems "inherently unequal" was

Answer 70

Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 71

President Eisenhower's "New Look" foreign policy in the 1950s planned for

Answer 71

greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy.

Question 72

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except

Answer 72

appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

Question 73

Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the

Answer 73

one who most damaged free speech and fair play.

Question 74

In 1956 the United States condemned ____________________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

Answer 74

Britain and France

Question 75

During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of

Answer 75

the Social Security system.

Question 76

The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower's strongest commitment during his presidency was to

Answer 76

social harmony.