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Biology > Chapters 36-40 Test > Flashcards

Chapters 36-40 Test Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Vascular tissues were first formed in?

A

ferns

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2
Q

this type of organism had which main evolutionary adaptation which allowed it to become widely diverse?

A

it uses animals for help reproducing and dispersing seeds

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3
Q

roots evolved from_____, which nonvascular plants had used for absorption.

A

rhizoids

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4
Q

cuticle and stomates are adaptations to?

A

keep water inside a plant

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5
Q

the first land plants were?

A

bryophytes

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6
Q

plants may have colonized the land as early as____million years ago

A

700

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7
Q

bryophytes evolved____,which are openings in leaves that take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen

A

stomates

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8
Q

a dominant diploid generation evolved in land plants. this was adaptive because?

A

it helps guard against mutations

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9
Q

which of the following reproduce with seeds?

A

conifers

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10
Q

the first seed plants were?

A

conifers

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11
Q

______is a tough carbohydrate molecule that is hydrophobic (“water fearing”). it adds support to vascular tissues in stems. it also waterproofs the tissues so they don’t leak, which makes them more efficient at transporting fluids. because most other organisms cannot break it down, it helps protect plants from herbivores and parasites.

A

lignin

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12
Q

comparison of DNA and RNA places plants most similar to the _____, a freshwater green algae.

A

charophytes

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13
Q

both green algae and plants have ALL of the following in common EXCEPT?
-store food as starch
-they contain chlorophyll a and b
-have numerous lysosomes
-have cellulose in their cell walls

A

have numerous lysosomes

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14
Q

which of the following is NOT a main function of root?
-anchoring of the plant body to the ground and supporting it
-absorption and transportation of water and inorganic nutrients
-performing photosynthesis to make glucose for the plant
-storage of food and nutrients in ground tissue cells

A

performing photosynthesis to make glucose for the plant

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15
Q

tree rings are made from which of the following types of tissues?
-ground
-epidermal
-vascular

A

vascular

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16
Q

this is an image of which of the following?
-trichomes
-cuticle
-cork cells
-stomates

A

stomates

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17
Q

_____cells form tubes that transport sugars and hormones, often from the leaves where they are made to the stems or roots.

A

phloem

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18
Q

this picture shows the microscopic surface of?

A

leaves

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19
Q

______have four main functions: 1) support for and the elevation of leaves, flowers, and fruits ; 2) transport of fluids between the roots and the shoots of xylem and phloem ; 3) storage of nutrients ; 4) production of new living tissue

A

stems

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20
Q

some ground tissue cells contain______, a tough molecule that makes the cell walls more rigid and helps make long fibers and seed coats

A

lignin

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21
Q

“meristem” cells are cells that are used for?

A

multiplication

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22
Q

________plants often have thick juicy leaves adapted to store water

A

succulent

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23
Q

“foliage” is a word that refers to

A

leaves

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24
Q

epidermal cells often have tiny hairs called___that offer further protection and can give stems or leaves a fuzzy appearance

A

trichomes

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25
_______tissue comes in two main types called xylem and phloem
vascular
26
_______tissue cells in plants make up most of a plants mass and are used for 4 main functions: 1) to store materials such as starch molecules made in photosynthesis ; 2) provide structure for the plant organs and take up space in the plant ; 3) carry out photosynthesis in leaves and stems ; 4) contain cells which multiply to produce new plant growth
ground
27
most carbon dioxide in the body of a plant comes into the plant through the...?
leaves
28
vessel elements, tracheids, and pits are found in which of the following? -mycorrhizae -phloem -xylem -root nodules
xylem
29
the pressure-flow model shows how_____moves material through a plant
phloem
30
a perforated structure at the end of a phloem cell through which sap moves is called a _____
sieve
31
mycorrhizae are_____which attach to the roots of plants and aid absorption
fungi
32
_____is a scientific lab technique where plants are grown in water, not soil, so scientists can control what goes into the water and learn what plants need to grow
hydroponics
33
water molecules tend to stick to one another. this property is called?
cohesive
34
in a plant, a sink is a?
storage area for sugars
35
the elements that make up the bulk of the organic molecules in a plant are?
C, H, O
36
the nodules on the roots in the picture have what effect on the plant?
they fix nitrogen for the plant to use
37
which of the following is a pulling force responsible for most of the movement of water up a plant?
transpiration
38
a large tree can move up to_____gallons of water an hour up the tree.
50
39
the movement of the plant in the figure is?
postive phototropism
40
which of the following is when a hormone binds to a protein on the surface membrane of a cell? -reception -response -effect -transduction
reception
41
_______is a hormone that causes plants to go into dormancy, suppress fruit formation, and close stomates
abscisic acid
42
the movement shown in the video clip is which of the following? -nastic movement -gravitropism -thigmotropism -phototropism
nastic movement
43
the photo shows a mass of undifferentiated plant cells called a____
callus
44
the pink dots in the figure are which hormone?
auxin
45
which of the following is a growth inhibiting hormone? -auxin -cytokinin -gibberellin -ethylene
ethylene
46
lack of the hormone_____caused the stunted plant growth on the right of this image
auxin
47
movement toward or away from touch in a plant is?
thigmotropism
48
_____causes plant cells to undergo mitosis and multiply in number. formation of new branches and roots on plants are often results of high levels of this hormone.
cytokinin
49
many flowering plants use a photoreceptor protein such as phytochrome to sense seasonal changes in amount of light. this is known as?
photoperiodism
50
plant hormones are also known as_____
phytohormones
51
_______is a hormone that is a gas which will exit a plant and can actually travel through the air to other plants or different parts of a large tree. it causes fruits to ripen and leaves to fall in synchrony.
ethylene
52
which of the following is a male flower structure? -stamen -style -carpel -pistil
stamen
53
which of the following is a male gameotype?
pollen grain
54
in the double fertilization process, the egg is fertilized and what else?
the diploid central cell
55
which of the following is the stigma?
1
56
which of the following contains ovules?
ovary
57
in the video from the reading about life cycle of a flowering plant, what type of seed did they show germinating at the end?
bean
58
which of the following are the colorful advertisements to attract pollinators?
corolla
59
which of the following is triploid (3n)?
endosperm
60
which of the following is the ovary?
3
61
which of the following is the sepal?
11
62
pollen grains contain sperm cells that reach the ovule by?
a pollen tube
63
an above ground horizontal stem used for asexual reproduction in flowering plants is a?
stolon
64
which of the following is the anther?
6
65
what is the meaning of plant cells being "totipotent"?
each cell is capable of becoming an entire plant
66
which of the following produces pollen grains?
anther
67
the scientific name for flowering plant is?
angiosperms
68
the perianth consists of the corolla and the?
calyx
69
which of the following is the carpel or pistil?
5

Biology (5 decks)

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