Origin of Life (28)

Question 1

how long ago did earth arose?

Answer 1

4.6 billion years ago

Question 1

the earth arose

Answer 1

from gravitiational accertion of gas and dust in space

Question 2

microfossils

Answer 2

can be found in ancient rocks

Question 3

ancient rocks

Answer 3

can be radioactively dated to determine age

Question 4

living organisms became present on the earth

Answer 4

within half a billion years from formation

Question 5

spontaneous generation

Answer 5

idea that living things must come from nonliving organic matter

Question 6

aristotle believed

Answer 6

in spontaneous generation

Question 7

Francesco Reddi (1668)

Answer 7

showed no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs
when flies couldnt land somewhere, maggots did not appear

Question 8

Louis Pasteur (1861)

Answer 8

did expirements to show bacteria and fungi do not suddenly appear in enclosed areas
bacteria and fungi only grow by invasions from outside sources

Question 9

was spantaneous generation proven true or false

Answer 9

proven false

Question 10

biogenesis

Answer 10

every little thing came from a pre-existing thing

Question 11

Alexander Oparin

Answer 11

spontaneous generation once was possible but now is impossible because preexisting organisms would consume any spontaneously generated organism

Question 12

what did Oparin find through examining rocks?

Answer 12

the Earth has a reducing atmosphere which allows for small molecules to easily stick together to form larger molecules

Question 13

groups of organic molecules (primidoral soup) can be created

Answer 13

in an oxygenless atmosphere through sunlight and and lightning

Question 14

Stanley Miller and Herold Urey (1953)

Answer 14

placed hydrogen, methane and ammonia in a flask of heated water to create water vapor
lightning occured
gases combined to form a variety of watersoluble organic compounds

Question 15

primidorial soup

Answer 15

hydrogen, methane and ammonia in a flask of heated water to create water vapor

Question 16

proteinoids

Answer 16

larger proteins

Question 17

proteinoids and microspheres

Answer 17

form amino acids and enzymes to carry out chemical synthesis

Question 18

the building blocks of dna and rna can

Answer 18

form under the right conditions

Question 19

micelles and liposomes

Answer 19

been formed under right conditions in a lab

Question 20

micelles, liposomes, proteinoids and microspheres

Answer 20

come together under the right conditions to become protocells

Question 21

protocells

Answer 21

membranes which behave similar to cells, engulfing molecules, growing and dividing

Question 22

it was possible for _________ __________ to form the first cell

Answer 22

chemical evolution

Question 23

hydrothermal vents

Answer 23

openings at the bottom of the ocean where very hot water and chemicals are released into the oceans that combine deep in the crust where Earth’s internal heat is the energy source

Question 24

extraterrestrial origins hypothesis

Answer 24

complex organic molecules originated elsewhere in the solar system and came to Earth on meteorites

Question 25

meteorites have been shown

Answer 25

to have structures which look like bacteria within them

Question 26

as the cells reproduced in the ocean

Answer 26

would start to evolve and adapt to be better suited to the conditions

Question 27

LUCA

Answer 27

last universal common ancestor.

Question 28

LUCA must have

Answer 28

DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane

Question 29

LUCA evolved into what 3 domains

Answer 29

Bacteria, Archea, and Euroyka