Shaping Evolutionary Theory (Chp.27) Flashcards
(35 cards)
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium measues what?
evolution using math
what is the allele frequency equation?
p+q+1
allele frequency
percentage of gene pool that prcentage takes up
what is the equation for the genotype frequency?
p^2 +2pq+q^2=1
when would you measure the allele frequency?
in order to see how the population has evolved
p^2 tells you
the homozygous dominant
2pq tells you
the heterozygous trait
q^2 tells you
the homozygous recessive trait
in order for a population to stay at an equilibriam there must be
no mutation, no selection, no gene flow, and no genetic drift
equilibriam
to not change
mathmatical equations can show
if populations were evolving based on allele frequencies
if the allele frequency changed
a population will evolve
allele frequencies are the percentage of
dominant and recessive alleles in a population
gene flow
when indiviuals move into or out of a population
if the rate of migration is high the
allele frequency will change
mutation
changing form, also changes allele frequency
mutates from dominant form to recessive form
P will become higher Q will become lower
one form is selected over the other
selection
produces change in phenotype and allele frquencies
genetic drift
random change in allele frequencies that occur in a small population
what two conditions will genetic drift occur under?
bottleneck effect and the founder effect
the bottleneck effect
populations suddenly get smaller, possibly caused by a natural disaster such as a forest fire
allele frequencies of the survivors may be different from original population
the founder effect
when a few inviduals find a new population
allele frequencies of founders may be different from allele frequencies of population left
specitation
population changes so much it can no longer interbreed with other populations
a new species is formed
allopatric speciation
physical geographic barrier separates population
